3. Benjamin Rush Founding father Member of Sons of Liberty Delegate of Continental Congress in 1776 Signer of Declaration of Independence Supporter of adopting Constitution in 1789

4. John Hancock Founding father Member of Boston Assembly Participated in Boston Tea Party Member and later President of Continental Congress First signatory of Declaration of Independence Later Governor of Massachusetts

5. John Jay Founding father Member of First Continental Congress Preferred reconciliation with England, rather than war First Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

6. John Witherspoon Elected to Continental Congress in 1776 Voted for and signed Declaration in Independence

7. John Peter Muhlenberg “Fighting Pastor” in American Revolution Lutheran Minister who led 8 th Virginia Regiment At the outbreak of war, said “There is a time to preach and a time to fight, and now is the time to fight!”

8. Charles Carroll Strong supporter of armed resistance and separation from England Member of 1776 Continental Congress Signed Declaration of Independence Served in Continental Congress throughout Revolution

9. Jonathan Trumbull, Sr. Governor of Connecticut colony; only colonial governor to support revolution Under Trumbull, Connecticut provided many supplies to army during Revolution

11. Warren G. Harding 29 th President Republican Involved in Teapot Dome Scandal Died in office

12. Sanford B. Dole Hawaiian businessman Helped overthrow Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani Helped get USA to annex Hawaii as a territory First territorial governor of Hawaii Look at that beard! Beautiful!

13. Theodore Roosevelt 26 th President (2 terms) Leader of Rough Riders during Spanish-American War Trust-buster Began construction of Panama Canal Created Roosevelt Corollary Nobel Peace Prize for ending Russo-Japanese War Created many national parks Ran for third term on Progressive Bull Moose Party ticket (lost) Bully!

14. Henry Cabot Lodge Served in US Senate for 31 years Strong supporter of US effort in World War I Opposed US involvement in League of Nations Due to Lodge’s opposition, Treaty of Versailles was defeated in Senate

15. Harry Truman 33 rd President Democrat Made decision to use atomic bomb on Japan Ended WWII Saw communists as enemy and oversaw beginning of Cold War Desegregated armed forces

16. George Wallace Governor of Alabama in 1960s Strong supporter of segregation in schools; refused to desegregate Alabama Was forced to desegregate when Eisenhower sent in National Guard to enforce desegregation Shot while campaigning for Democratic presidential nomination

17. Orval Faubus Governor of Arkansas in 1950s Used National Guard to prevent 9 African- American students from attending Little Rock Central High School Eisenhower sent troops in to force desegregation

18. Lester Maddox Owned a restaurant in Atlanta in early 1960s; refused to desegregate; closed instead Governor of Georgia in 1960s Did not fight desegregation as Governor

19. Joseph McCarthy US Senator from Wisconsin in 1950s-60s Accused government officials, Hollywood stars, and military officers of being Communists

20. John F. Kennedy 35 th President Democrat Assassinated in 1963 by Lee Harvey Oswald in Dallas

21. Barry Goldwater Senator from Arizona Ran as Republican against Lyndon Johnson; huge defeat Did not like labor unions, foreign aid, or unbalanced budgets

22. Richard Nixon 37 th President Republican Ended USA involvement in Vietnam Caught in Watergate Scandal Only President to resign from office

23. Ronald Reagan 40 th President Republican Survived attempted assassination Policies helped bring about fall of USSR and end of Cold War

24. Hillary Clinton Wife of Bill Clinton, First Lady of the USA 1992- 2000 Senator from New York Secretary of State

25. Bill Clinton 42 nd President Democrat Family & Medical Leave Act Attempted universal health care; failed 2 nd term had several scandals Monica Lewinsky

26. Barack Obama First African-American President Elected 2008 Re-elected 2012 Democrat

28. Alexis de Tocqueville French nobleman and politician Wrote Democracy in America, praising American governmental system, while warning of dangers of despotism and government centralization

29. Susan B. Anthony Abolitionist and suffragette Also involved in temperance movement Very involved in pushing for women to have voting rights

30. Frances Willard Leader of Women’s Christian Temperance Union and suffragette

31. Jane Addams Founder of Hull House; provided education, child care to the poor and immigrants First woman awarded Nobel Peace Prize in 1931

32. Ida B. Wells Anti-lynching and African-American civil rights activist Wrote articles about lynchings in Southern states Founding member of NAACP

33. W. E. B. DuBois First African-American to earn a Ph.D. from Harvard Co-founder of NAACP Strong leader in push for equal political and social rights for African Americans

34. Marcus Garvey African-American activist Wanted a separate black nation in USA Wanted blacks to return to Africa and create nations without European control Not supported by DuBois and NAACP

35. Martin Luther King, Jr. Civil rights activist; advocated non-violent resistance “I Have A Dream” speech Won Nobel Peace Prize Assassinated in 1968

36. Rosa Parks Refused to give up her seat to a white man on the bus Arrested; led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott, part of the Civil Rights movement

37. Black Panthers 1960’s radical group Wanted an armed African-American population Wanted African- Americans exempt from Vietnam drafts Marxists

38. Thurgood Marshall Very involved in civil rights cases Argued the Brown v. Board of Education case Nominated to US Supreme Court by Lyndon Johnson First African-American Supreme Court Justice

39. Sandra Day O’Connor First female Supreme Court Justice Appointed by Ronald Reagan in 1981

40. Cesar Chavez Organized migrant farm workers into a union called the United Farm Workers for better pay and working conditions

41. Hector P. Garcia WWII veteran, medical doctor Fought for equal civil rights for Mexican- Americans in Texas

42. Betty Freidan Wrote The Feminine Mystique, urging women to find happiness beyond traditional roles as wife and mother. Co-founder of National Organization of Women, a pro-feminist organization

43. Phyllis Schlafly Leader in pro-family movement Opposed to more extreme parts of feminist movement Opposed Equal Rights Amendment

44. Upton Sinclair Muckraker Socialist Wrote The Jungle about the meatpacking industry, which led to Theodore Roosevelt passing the Pure Food and Drugs Act and the Meat Inspection Act

45. Clarence Darrow Attorney Supporter of labor unions; defended union leader Eugene Debs Became supporter of Socialist causes Defended John Scopes in Scopes Trial. Case ended in Darrow victory, allowing teaching of evolution in schools

46. William Jennings Bryan Democrat and Populist; ran 3 times for President Strong supporter of bimetallic Free Silver Movement Secretary of State under Woodrow Wilson Argued for Creationism in Scopes Trial; lost

47. Eleanor Roosevelt First Lady of the USA; wife of FDR Spoke out on civil rights, women’s and children’s issues After FDR died, she became UN delegate; served on UN Human Rights Committee Helped draft Universal Declaration of Human Rights

48. Dolores Huerta Co-founded United Farm Workers with Cesar Chavez Civil rights activist focusing on migrant workers

49. Sonia Sotomayor Appointed to US Supreme Court in 2009 by Barack Obama First Supreme Court Justice of Puerto Rican descent

50. Oprah Winfrey Started career as talk show host; acted in movies; started book club First female African- American billionaire Philanthropist who supports women’s and children’s charities

51. Henry Ford Founder of Ford Motor Co. Inventor of assembly line method of manufacturing Offered good wages and profit-sharing plans to keep employees loyal Philanthropist

52. Glenn Curtiss Aviation pioneer Inventor of flying boats, stronger engines

53. Charles A. Lindbergh Aviation pioneer Completed first solo transatlantic flight in plane Spirit of St. Louis Strong isolationist in years leading to World War II

54. Billy Graham Preacher Leading religious revivalist in USA

56. Alfred Thayer Mahan Strong supporter of American sea power in late 19 th and early 20 th century Argued that a nation must have a strong navy to build and protect a strong nation

57. John J. Pershing Known as “Black Jack” Commander of American Expeditionary Force in World War I

58. Omar Bradley WWII General Served under Patton in N. Africa Fought in N. Africa, Sicily, Normandy, Germany Became 5-star General; commanded largest force ever fielded by USA

59. Dwight Eisenhower Supreme Allied Commander in Europe in WWII First Supreme Allied Commander of NATO post- WWII Elected 34 th President Worked to cool Cold War tensions Signed Interstate Highway Act and 1957 Civil Rights Act Desegregated schools per Supreme Court decision

60. Douglas MacArthur Supreme Commander of Allied forces in Pacific in WWII Military Governor of Japan post-WWII Commanded UN forces in Korean War Criticized Truman’s decisions in Korean War, fired by Truman

61. Chester Nimitz Commander-in-Chief, Pacific Fleet in WWII Japan formally surrendered to Nimitz aboard USS Missouri, ending WWII.

62. George Marshall US Army Chief of Staff in WWII US Secretary of State 1947-49 US Secretary of Defense 1950-51 Created the Marshall Plan to aid Europe after WWII Won Nobel Peace Prize due to Marshall Plan

63. George Patton Pioneer in tank warfare Fought in N. Africa and Sicily in WWII Led 3 rd Army through France and into Germany VERY successfully Died at end of WWII

64. Vernon J. Baker Member of 1 st African- American regiment to see combat in WWII Only African-American officer in his company Earned Medal of Honor for actions in Italy

65. Alvin York Served as a sergeant in US Army in WWI. Fought in Battle of Argonne Forest On his own, killed 25 German soldiers and captured 132 more. Earned Medal of Honor

66. Roy Benavidez SSgt, served in Vietnam Led mission to rescue surrounded Special Forces unit. Wounded multiple times, he help fight off enemy troops and rescue US forces. Earned Medal of Honor

67. Tuskegee Airmen First African-American military pilots in WWII Flew missions protecting bombers; never lost a bomber under their care Their record help convince Truman to desegregate military

68. Flying Tigers Volunteer pilots who fought the Japanese in China in WWII First Americans to fight the Japanese Won over 300 victories

69. Navajo Code Talkers Part of Marines fighting in Pacific in WWII Used their native language to create a code to communicate on battlefield Code was never broken by Japanese

71. Bill Gates Founder of Microsoft Philanthropist

72. Sam Walton Founder of Wal-Mart and Sam’s Club Pioneer of big box supercenter retailers Pioneer of wholesale club stores

73. Estee Lauder Began her company with a skin cream Grew company with more products into multi-billion dollar business Pioneered idea of “free gift with purchase”

74. Robert Johnson Founder of Black Entertainment Television (BET) in 1979 When he sold BET, he became the first African-American billionaire

75. Lionel Sosa Founder of largest Hispanic advertising agency in USA Hispanic consultant in 6 Republican Presidential campaigns

76. Andrew Carnegie Started Carnegie Steel Co. Became one of the richest men in America Preached “Gospel of Wealth” At the end of his life, donated hundreds of millions to charities