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Microbial Genetics Mutation Genetic Recombination Model organism
E. coli Molecular Cloning Bioinformatics “Golden” Rice
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Plasmid Types Resistance Plasmids – R Plasmids Virulence Plasmids
Bacteriocins Engineered Plasmids
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Mutants Mutation Wild Type Genotype Phenotype
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Isolation of Mutants Replica Plating Auxotrophs – Nutritional Mutants
Prototroph – Wild Type
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Penicillin Selection Method – Kills Growing Cells
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Mutations Spontaneous Mutations Point Mutations Base-Pair Substitution
Silent, Missense, or Nonsense Mutations
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Conditional Lethal Mutations
Temperature Sensitive Mutations Incubation Temperature 30 C 40 C
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Reading Frame Frame Shift Mutation
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Reversion Mutation Back Mutation Prototroph Auxotroph Suppressor
Mutation Back Mutation Normal Protein
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Other Mutations Deletions – Lose of a Piece of DNA
Insertions – Additions of a Piece of DNA Translocation – Movement of a Piece of DNA to a New Location in the Genome
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Inversion Orientation of a Piece of DNA is Reversed in the Genome - Phase Variation
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Mutation Rate Spontaneous (Natural or Background) Mutation Rate
DNA ~ 1 per Million (varies between genes and location) RNA ~ 1 per Thousand Mutagens – Anything that Increases the Mutation Rate
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Mutagens Chemicals Base Analogs – Chemically Resemble Base
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Intercalating Agent Inserts Between Base Pairs
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Radiation UV Light Ionizing Radiation DNA Repair SOS Regulatory System
4/19/2017
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Biological Mutagens Transposons – Can Insert Into Gene
Transposon Mutagenesis Site Directed Mutations – Man-made
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Ames Test Mutagens Carcinogens
Ames Test Measures Back Mutation Rates to Detect Carcinogens Liver extract
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Bacterial Gene Transfer
Genetic Recombination 3 Types of Bacterial Gene Exchange: 1. Transformation “Naked DNA” Competent
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Transfection in Eukaryotes
Particle (Gene) Guns Insert DNA Electroporation
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2. Transduction Generalized Transduction
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Specialized Transduction
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Lysogeny Can Lead to Phage Conversion
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3. Conjugation Plasmids Copy Number Incompatibility Curing
Conjugative Plasmid
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Chromosomal Mobilization
Fertility (F) Plasmid Episome HFr Strain Sex Pili
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Gene Maps Interrupted Matings
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E. coli Chromosome 4,639,221 Base Pairs 4,288 Open Reading Frames
88% ORF 1% rRNA, tRNA 10% Promoter, Origin, etc 6% Operons
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Lateral Gene Transfer Horizontal Gene transfer Pathogenicity Islands
ICE – Integrative and Conjugative Elements
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Transposition Transposase Conservative Transposition
Replicative Transposition Phase Variation Inversion
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Genomics Mycoplasma genitalium Genome 470 Open Reading Frame
Genomic Mining
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Genetic Word List Genotype – Phenotypes Spontaneous Mutations Mutation
Wild-Type Isolation Mutants Replica plating Auxotroph – Prototroph Penicillin-Selection Method Spontaneous Mutations Point Mutation Base-Pair Substitution Silent, Missense, Nonsense Mutations Mutation Genetic Recombination Microbial Models Molecular Cloning Biotechnology Mutants
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Genetic Word List 2 Temperature Sensitive Mutation Reading Frame
Frame Shift Mutation Back Mutations Suppressor Mutation Deletions Insertions Translocation Inversion Mutation Rate DNA ~10-6 RNA ~10-3 Mutagens Chemicals Base Analogs Intercalating Agents Radiation UV Light
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Genetic Word List 3 Ionizing Radiation DNA Repair
SOS Regulatory System Biological Mutagens Transposons Site Directed Mutations Carcinogenesis Ames Test Genetic Recombination Bacterial Gene Transfer Transformation Competent Transfection Electroporation Particle gun
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Genetic Word List 4 Conjugation Plasmids Copy Number Incompatibility
Curing Conjugative Plasmids Transduction Generalized Transduction Specialized Transduction Lysogeny Phage conversion Resistance Plasmids R Plasmids Virulence Plasmids Bacteriocin Engineered plasmids
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Genetic Word List 5 Chromosomal Mobilization Sex Pili
Fertility (F) Plasmids HFr Strains Interrupted Matings Genetic Maps Escherichia coli Chromosome 4,639,221 Base Pairs 4,288 Open Reading Frames Horizontal Gene Transfer Transposition Transposase Conservative – Replicative Transposition Phase Variation Inversion
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Genetic Word List 6 Pathogenicity Islands Genomics
Mycoplasma genitalium Genome 470 Open Reading Frames Genomic Mining
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