1. Type of cell where found
B2 Cells and simple transport: Part 1:
cell, ribosomes, respiration, chemical reactions, protein, nucleus, cell membrane, chloroplasts, cell wall, mitochondrion, vacuole, photosynthesis, chlorophyll, sap, cytoplasm
ORGANELLE
FUNCTION
Type of cell where found
Plant
Animal
NUCLEUS
Controls all activities of the cell. Contains genes on the chromosomes. Carries the instructions for making new cells or organisms. Y
CYTOPLASM
Where chemical reactions take place
CELL MEMBRANE
Controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell.
MITOCHONDRIA
Structures in the cytoplasm where oxygen is used and energy is released using respiration.
RIBOSOMES
Where protein synthesis takes place, all proteins needed for the cell are made here.
CELL WALL
Made of cellulose that strengthens and gives support to plant cells. N
CHLOROPLASTS
Found in the green parts of plants. They are green because they contain chlorophyll. Chlorophyll absorbs the light energy to make food by photosynthesis.
LARGE PERMENANT VACUOLE
Is the space in the cytoplasm filled with cell sap. This is important for keeping the cells rigid to support the plant.
Animal cells: label the main parts.
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
nucleus
mitochondrion
Plant and algal cells: label the parts
Cell wall
Cell membrane
vacuole
Chloroplast
Cytoplasm
nucleus

2. Yeast cells Yeast is a single celled fungus.
B2 Cells and simple transport Part 2: diffusion, nucleus, oxygen, cell wall, high, faster, cytoplasm, lower, cell membrane, Yes, concentration, no.
Yeast cells Yeast is a single celled fungus.
Bacterial cells:
Key fact: Although bacteria contain genetic material, they do not have a nucleus.
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
nucleus
Cell wall
Cell wall
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Simple cell transport
Dissolved substances move into and out of cells by diffusion. The net (overall) movement of particles is from a high concentration to a lower concentration (down a concentration gradient). The greater the difference in concentration, the faster the rate of diffusion.
Example: Oxygen gas diffuses into cells through the cell membrane and is used during respiration.
Chromosome
Feature
Animal
Plant or algae
Bacteria
Yeast
Cell membrane
Yes
Nucleus No
Chloroplast
Cell wall
Cytoplasm

3. Neurones (nerve cells)
B2 Specialised cells: mesophyll, surface area, haemoglobin, leaves, xylem, differentiate, energy, sugars impulses, chloroplasts, nucleus, water, oxygen, mitochondria, insulated, soil, phloem, root hair
Red blood cells.
Unlike most animal cells, these do not contain a nucleus. This allows more space inside for haemoglobin which carries oxygen. The biconcave disc shape creates a larger surface area for faster diffusion of oxygen.
Mesophyll cells
These are found in plant leaves. They contain many chloroplasts for photosynthesis.
Specialised cells
Cells of multicellular organisms may differentiate and become adapted for specific functions.
Xylem and phloem
Xylem vessels are dead and hollow, allowing them to easily transport water and minerals up the plant.
Phloem cells are long, thin tubes which transport sugars up and down the plant.
Sperm cells These have many mitochondria. This allows faster respiration to provide energy for movement.
Root hair cells.
These are found on plant roots. They have a large surface area for rapid uptake of water and mineral ions from the soil.
Neurones (nerve cells)
These are long and insulated. This allows them to transmit nerve impulses rapidly.

4. Muscular tissue, contracts helping to mix and churn the food.
B2 Tissues, Organs and Organ systems
Organs, outside, glandular, churn, organ, faeces, absorption, liver, tissue, inside, cells, muscular, digestive, epithelial, small, water, digests, function, digestion, bile, salivary, large, systems
The stomach: As an organ the stomach is made from several tissues, each with a specific function.
Muscular tissue, contracts
helping to mix and churn the food.
Glandular tissue, makes
digestive juices including
protease and hydrochloric acid.
Epithelial tissue covers the
outside and inside of the stomach.
Tissues, organs and organ systems
A group of similar cells working together to perform a function is called a tissue.
An organ is made from several types of tissue working together.
Organ systems are groups of organs that perform a particular function. eg digestive system.
The digestive system
Salivary glands – make digestive juice.
Stomach – digests proteins.
Liver – makes bile.
Pancreas – a gland that makes digestive juice.
Small intestine – digestion and absorption of soluble food.
Large intestine – absorbs water from undigested food, producing faeces.

5. Plant Organs. Label the plant organs. Inside a leaf:
B2 Plant tissues and organs: leaves, epidermis, stem, vein, tissues roots, phloem, water, mesophyll, xylem, photosynthesis, organ
Plant Organs. Label the plant organs.
Inside a leaf:
As an organ the leaf contains several types of different tissues.
Upper epidermis covers the plant
The vein contains:
xylem tissue which transports water and mineral ions.
phloem tissue which transports sugars
Leaves
Stem
Mesophyll tissue carries out photosynthesis.
Roots
Lower epidermis covers the plant