1. Intel Virtualization Technology: Strategy And Evolution
4/19/2017 4:45 PM
Intel Virtualization Technology: Strategy And Evolution
Lorie Wigle Director: Server Marketing Digital Enterprise Group
Rajesh Sankaran Principal Engineer Corporate Technology Group
© 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

2. 4/19/2017 4:45 PM
Agenda
Server Virtualization: Evolution from mainframes to x86 platforms
The trajectory of virtualization
Virtualization usage models
RAS, performance and ecosystem enabling: The Intel value
Intel Virtualization Technology (VT) Roadmap
Challenges for SW - only virtual machine monitors (VMMs)
VT-x: Intel Virtualization Technology for IA-32 Processors
VT-d: Intel Virtualization Technology for Directed I/O
Summary and Questions
© 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

3. Virtualization Awareness Today*
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Virtualization Awareness Today*
75% of enterprises aware of virtualization
34% Implementing virtualization by mid 2006
Very large biz at 46%; SMB at 25%!
North America leading; Other GEO’s right behind!
60% increasing virtualization in next 12 months!
* Forrester Server Virtualization Goes Mainstream; 1221 end user quant study
© 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

4. Virtualized x86 Server Market Overview*
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Virtualized x86 Server Market Overview*
Integrated Hypervisors in
Volume OS’s
80% of customers using virtualization do so for consolidation
Virtualized server market growing from 4.5% today to >12% of all servers in 2009
Growing from 276K in 2005 to 1.1M units in 2009 (51% CAGR)
Feedback from the market: Aggressive projections for 2005; conservative for 2009
Virtualization: Significant growth due to compelling value
*Source: IDC WW Virtualization Forecast Aug-2005
© 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

5. Today’s Uses Virtualization addresses today’s IT concerns
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Today’s Uses Virtualization addresses today’s IT concerns
Server Consolidation
Test and Development
HWn …
HW0
VM1
VMn OS
App … HW
VM1
VMn
VMM OS
App
VM1 OS
App OS
App
VMM HW
10:1 in many cases
Enables rapid deployment
© 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

6. Emerging Usage Models Goal: True “Lights Out” Datacenter
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Emerging Usage Models
Dynamic Load Balancing
Disaster Recovery
VM1
VMn
VM1
VMn
VM1
HWn …
VMn OS
App
VM1 …
VMn OS
App OS
App OS
App OS
App OS
App OS
App OS
App … …
VMM
VMM
HW0
VMM
HW0
HWn HW
Goal: True “Lights Out” Datacenter
Instantaneous failover
Dynamic load balancing
Autonomics
Self healing
© 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

7. A Better Platform For Virtualization
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A Better Platform For Virtualization
First to Market And Massive Ecosystem Support
Choice: Broadest virtualization software support in the industry
Robust: First x86 hardware assisted virtualization technology (Intel VT)
Innovation: Common specification = enhanced virtualization on x86 and will set the standard
Flexibility: Leverage Intel Xeon processor-based servers widely deployed infrastructure for advanced failover and dynamic load balancing
Better Platform Reliability
Critical for more applications on the same server
More reliability features
Proven Platform Architecture - almost 40X more IA based servers than other x86 based servers since 1996
Performance Headroom
Intel Xeon processors have key performance features for virtualization: Dual-core, hyper-threading, I/O, memory, and larger caches
“Choose the right basket”
1 – source: Q4’05 IDC server Tracker, total system shipped
Whitepaper on Virtualization benefits:
© 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

8. A More Reliable Server Unique Intel x86 Reliability Features
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A More Reliable Server Unique Intel x86 Reliability Features
Intel Xeon processor Based Servers
Other x86 Based Servers
Feature
Benefit
Description 
Memory ECC
Data Integrity & Availability 
Detects & corrects single-bit errors  
Enhanced Memory ECC
Data Integrity & Availability
Retry double-bit errors vs. standard memory ECC that does single-bit errors only  
Memory CRC (FBD)
Address & command transmissions are automatically retried if a transient error occurs vs. the potential of silent data corruption
Continued Operation & Availability
Predicts a “failing” DIMM & copies the data to a spare memory DIMM , maintaining server available & uptime 
Memory Sparing 
Data Availability
Data is written to 2 locations in system memory so that if a DRAM device fails, mirrored memory enables continued operation and data availability  
Memory Mirroring
Data Protection
Symmetric Access to all CPUs
Server Continuity  
Enables a system to restart and operate if the primary processor fails
A Better Business Foundation Less Downtime, Higher Service Availability and Improved Confidence
Enabled by a combination of processor, chipset and platform memory technologies. Data as of March 6, 2006
© 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

9. Introducing: New Dual - Core Intel Xeon Processor - based Servers
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Introducing: New Dual - Core Intel Xeon Processor - based Servers
What’s New?
Lower Power 64-bit Dual-Core Processors
Hardware assisted virtualization (VT)
New dual independent point-to-point bus
Fully Buffered DDR2 DIMM Memory (FBD)
Intel I/O Acceleration Technology (option)
Embedded RAID technology (option)
Intel Core Micro-architecture (Q3’06)
Quad-Core support (1H’07)
PLUS
64 bit computing (standard since 2004)
PCI Express* (standard since 2004)
Intel Execute Disable Bit (standard since 2005)
Intel Software Optimization Tools (option)
Intel Power Efficiency Tools (option)
Advancing All Areas of The System Together For Outstanding Business Value
Intel I/O Acceleration Technology, Intel Active Server Manager, Intel Power Toolkit and Intel xScale™ storage controllers are advanced innovation that are options on select OEM systems. Contact your preferred OEM for more details
© 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

10. Intel Virtualization Technology (VT)
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Intel Virtualization Technology (VT)
Provides silicon-based functionality that works together with compatible VMM software to provide new capabilities
Enables richer software capabilities
64-bit guest OS support in virtualized environment
Support for unmodified, heterogeneous guest operating systems to run on new VMM’s
Intel is working with the industry
Common virtualization standards from client to servers
Broad availability of both client and server platforms since November 2005 for accelerated software development
Endorsements and beta SW available from multiple vendors
Support for VT in Microsoft Virtual Server 2005 R2 SP1
© 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

11. Driving Virtualization Momentum
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Driving Virtualization Momentum
Providing a balanced server platform solution that delivers CPU, memory, I/O and advanced technology support for the datacenter
Supplying the most reliable, thoroughly validated and widely deployed server platforms available in the market
Working with the industry to build a vibrant ecosystem and build solutions that relieve the pressure on IT
Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners.
Source: Intel Corporation, 4/05, statistics based on Fortune* Global 100 ranking of largest companies published in WorldWide IDC Server Tracker - Q3’05
© 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

12. 4/19/2017 4:45 PM
Intel VT Roadmap
© 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

13. IA System Virtualization Today
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IA System Virtualization Today
Virtual Machines
Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM)
Binary Translation
Paravirtualization
Page-table Shadowing
IO-Device Emulation
Interrupt Virtualization
DMA Remap
Logical Processors
I/O Devices
Physical Memory
IA-based System Virtualization Today
Requires Frequent VMM Software Intervention
© 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

14. IA Virtualization Today Summary Of Challenges
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IA Virtualization Today Summary Of Challenges
Complexity
CPU virtualization requires binary translation or paravirtualization
Must emulate I/O devices in software
Functionality
Paravirtualization may limit supported guest OSes
Guest OSes “see” only simulated platform and I/O devices
Reliability and Security
I/O device drivers run as part of host OS or hypervisor
No protection from errant DMA that can corrupt memory
Performance
Overheads of address translation in software
Extra memory required (e.g., translated code, shadow tables)
© 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

15. Intel Virtualization Technology Evolution
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Intel Virtualization Technology Evolution
PCI-SIG
Standards for IO-device sharing:
Multi-Context I/O Devices
Endpoint Address Translation Caching
Under definition in the PCI-SIG* IOVWG
Vector 3: I/O Focus
Hardware support for IO-device virtualization
Device DMA remapping
Direct assignment of I/O devices to VMs
Interrupt Routing and Remapping
VT-d
Vector 2: Platform Focus
Establish foundation for virtualization in the IA-32 and Itanium architectures…
VT-x
VT-i
… followed by on-going evolution of support:
Micro-architectural (e.g., lower VM switch times)
Architectural (e.g., Extended Page Tables)
Vector 1: Processor Focus
VMM Software
Evolution
Software-only VMMs
Binary translation
Paravirtualization
Simpler and more Secure VMM through foundation of virtualizable ISAs
Increasingly better CPU and I/O virtualization performance and functionality as I/O devices and VMMs exploit infrastructure provided by VT-x, VT-i, VT-d
Past No Hardware Support
Today
VMM software evolution over time with hardware support
*Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others
© 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

16. VT-x Overview: Intel Virtualization Technology For IA-32 Processors
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VT-x Overview: Intel Virtualization Technology For IA-32 Processors
© 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

17. CPU Virtualization With VT-x
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CPU Virtualization With VT-x
Virtual Machines (VMs)
Two new VT-x operating modes
Less-privileged mode (VMX non-root) for guest OSes
More-privileged mode (VMX root) for VMM
Two new transitions
VM entry to non-root operation
VM exit to root operation
Apps
Apps
Ring 3
Ring 0 OS OS
VM Exit
VM Entry
VMX Root
VM Monitor (VMM)
Execution controls determine when exits occur
Access to privilege state, occurrence of exceptions, etc.
Flexibility provided to minimize unwanted exits
VM Control Structure (VMCS) controls VT-x operation
Also holds guest and host state
© 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

18. Extended Page Tables (EPT)
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Extended Page Tables (EPT)
A VMM must protect host physical memory
Multiple guest operating systems share the same host physical memory
VMM typically implements protections through “page-table shadowing” in software
Page-table shadowing accounts for a large portion of virtualization overheads
VM exits due to: #PF, INVLPG, MOV CR3
Goal of EPT is to reduce these overheads
© 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

19. What Is EPT? Extended Page Table
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What Is EPT?
Guest IA-32
Page
Tables
Guest Linear Address
Guest Physical Address
Extended
Host Physical Address
EPT Base Pointer (EPTP)
CR3
Extended Page Table
A new page-table structure, under the control of the VMM
Defines mapping between guest- and host-physical addresses
EPT base pointer (new VMCS field) points to the EPT page tables
EPT (optionally) activated on VM entry, deactivated on VM exit
Guest has full control over its own IA-32 page tables
No VM exits due to guest page faults, INVLPG, or CR3 changes
© 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

20. EPT Translation: Details
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EPT Translation: Details
All guest-physical memory addresses go through EPT tables
(CR3, PDE, PTE, etc.)
Above example is for 2-level table for 32-bit address space
Translation possible for other page-table formats (e.g., PAE)
© 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

21. VT-d Overview: Intel Virtualization Technology For Directed I/O
4/19/2017 4:45 PM
VT-d Overview: Intel Virtualization Technology For Directed I/O
© 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

22. Options For I/O Virtualization
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Options For I/O Virtualization
Hypervisor
Shared Devices
I/O Services
Device Drivers
VM0
Guest OS
and Apps
VMn
Monolithic Model
Pro: High Security
Pro: I/O Device Sharing
Pro: VM Migration
Con: Lower Performance
Shared Devices
I/O Services
Hypervisor
Device Drivers
Service VMs
VMn
VM0
Guest OS
and Apps
Guest VMs
Service VM Model
Pro: Highest Performance
Pro: Smaller Hypervisor
Pro: Device assisted sharing
Con: Migration Challenges
Assigned Devices
Hypervisor
VM0
Guest OS
and Apps
Device Drivers
VMn
Pass-through Model
Pro: Higher Performance
Pro: I/O Device Sharing
Pro: VM Migration
Con: Larger Hypervisor
VT-d Goal: Support all Models
© 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

23. VT-d Overview VT-d is platform infrastructure for I/O virtualization
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VT-d Overview
VT-d is platform infrastructure for I/O virtualization
Defines architecture for DMA remapping
Implemented as part of platform core logic
Will be supported broadly in Intel server and client chipsets
CPU
DRAM
South
Bridge
System Bus
PCI Express
PCI, LPC,
Legacy devices, …
Integrated
Devices
North Bridge
VT-d
PCIe* Root Ports
© 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

24. VT-d Usage Basic infrastructure for I/O virtualization
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VT-d Usage
Basic infrastructure for I/O virtualization
Enable direct assignment of I/O devices to unmodified or paravirtualized VMs
Improves system reliability
Contain and report errant DMA to software
Enhances security
Support multiple protection domains under SW control
Provide foundation for building trusted I/O capabilities
Other usages
Generic facility for DMA scatter/gather
Overcome addressability limitations on legacy devices
© 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

25. VT-d Architecture Detail
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VT-d Architecture Detail
DMA Requests
Memory-resident Partitioning And
Translation Structures
Device
Assignment
Structures
Address Translation
Device D1
Device D2
Bus 255
Bus 0
Bus N
Dev 31, Func 7
Dev P, Func 1
Dev 0, Func 0
Dev P, Func 2
Page
Frame
4KB Page
Tables
Device ID
Virtual Address
Length …
Fault Generation
DMA Remapping
Engine
Translation Cache
Context Cache
Memory Access with System Physical Address
© 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

26. VT-d: Remapping Structures
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VT-d: Remapping Structures
VT-d hardware selects page-table based on source of DMA request
Requestor ID (bus / device / function) in request identifies DMA source
VT-d Device Assignment Entry P
Controls
Rsvd
Address Space Root Pointer
Address Width
Domain ID
Ext. 64 63
127
VT-d supports hierarchical page tables for address translation
Page directories and page tables are 4 KB in size
4KB base page size with support for larger page sizes
Support for DMA snoop control through page table entries
VT-d Page Table Entry R SP
Page-Frame / Page-Table Address 63 W
Available
Rsvd
Ext.
Controls
© 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

27. VT-d: Hardware Page Walk
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VT-d: Hardware Page Walk
Bus
Device
Func 2 3 7 8 15
Requestor ID
Level-4
Page Table
Level-3
Level-2
Level-1
Page
Example Device Assignment Table Entry specifying 4-level page table 56
DMA Virtual Address 11
table offset
Level table offset
Level table offset
Level table offset 12 20 21 29 30 38 39 47 b 63 48 57
Page Offset
000000b
Device Assignment Tables
Base
© 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

28. VT-d: Translation Caching
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VT-d: Translation Caching
Architecture supports caching of remapping structures
Context Cache: Caches frequently used device-assignment entries
IOTLB: Caches frequently used translations (results of page walk)
Non-leaf Cache: Caches frequently used page-directory entries
When updating VT-d translation structures, software enforces consistency of these caches
Architecture supports global, domain-selective, and page-range invalidations of these caches
Primary invalidation interface through MMIO registers for synchronous invalidations
Extended invalidation interface for queued invalidations
© 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

29. VT-d: Extended Features
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VT-d: Extended Features
PCI Express protocol extensions being defined by PCISIG for Address Translation Services (ATS)
Enables scaling of translation caches to devices
Devices may request translations from root complex and cache
Protocol extensions to invalidate translation caches on devices
VT-d extended capabilities
Enables VMM software to control device participation in ATS
Returns translations for valid ATS translation requests
Supports ATS invalidations
Provides capability to isolate, remap and route interrupts to VMs
Support device-specific demand paging by ATS capable devices
VT-d Extended features utilize PCI Express enhancements being pursued within the PCI-SIG
© 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

30. VT-x & VT-d Working Together
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VT-x & VT-d Working Together
Virtual Machines
Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM)
Binary Translation
Paravirtualization
Page-table Shadowing
IO-Device Emulation
Interrupt Virtualization
DMA Remap
VT-d
VT-x
Logical Processors
I/O Devices
Hardware Virtualization Mechanisms under VMM Control
Physical Memory
© 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

31. How Intel Virtualization Technology Address Virtualization Challenges
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How Intel Virtualization Technology Address Virtualization Challenges
Reduced Complexity
VT-x removes need for binary translation / paravirtualization
Can avoid I/O emulation for direct-mapped I/O devices
Improved Functionality
64-bit guest OS support, remove limitations of paravirtualization
Can grant Guest OS direct access to modern physical I/O devices
Enhanced Reliability and Protection
Simplified VMM reduces “trusted computing base” (TCB)
DMA errors logged and reported to software
Improved Performance
Hardware support reduces address-translation overheads
No need for shadow page tables (saves memory)
© 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

32. 4/19/2017 4:45 PM
Delivering Intel VT
Established Intel Virtualization Technology Specifications for Intel based platforms
For the IA-32 Intel Architecture (Jan 2005) VT-x
For the Intel Itanium Architecture (Jan 2005) VT-i
For Directed I/O Architecture (March 2006) VT-d
See
Shipping Intel based platforms enabled with Intel VT
VT-x: Desktop in 2005, Mobile platforms and Intel Xeon
processor based servers and workstations in 2006
VT-i: Later in 2006, Intel Itanium processor based servers
VT-d: Intel is enabling VMM vendors with VT-d silicon in 2006
© 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

33. Summary And Questions Key challenges to IA system virtualization
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Summary And Questions
Key challenges to IA system virtualization
Complexity, Performance, Reliability, Functionality
Intel Virtualization Technology (VT)
A long-term, comprehensive roadmap designed to address virtualization challenges
Support for CPU and I/O virtualization
Strong ecosystem support
© 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

34. Call To Action Download the Intel VT-x, VT-i and VT-d specifications
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Call To Action
Download the Intel VT-x, VT-i and VT-d specifications
Available at
Begin developing solutions on VT enabled hardware
Monitor the PCI-SIG for the latest on I/O Device virtualization standards
© 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

35. 4/19/2017 4:45 PM
© 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.