1. CONTOH - CONTOH
APLIKASI GIS.
PERTANIAN,
DLL.

2. Precision farming in Indian Agricultural Scenario
CONTOH-CONTOH
Precision farming in Indian Agricultural Scenario
Baburao Dashrath kamble Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System. School of Advanced Technologies Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand Tel: Fax:
Now Modern agricultural management practices are changing from assuming homogenous fields to attempting to address field variability by dividing the field into smaller zones and managing these zones separately Precision agriculture has focused on the development of techniques that primarily aid the convention farming system.( ie. tilling the soil to prepare for planting, and heavy reliance on chemical inputs, such as pesticides and fertilizers).
The small size of farms and fields in most of Indian agriculture limits economic gains from currently available precision farming technology, while the population density, and public concerns for the environment, food safety and animal welfare means that those potential benefits of precision agriculture are being given more attention.
While adoption of precision farming in wide concept has been modest in India the potential for using precision agriculture to address environmental, food safety, animal welfare and sustainability problems seems to be attracting political attention in India conditions.
It is not impossible to adopt Precision agriculture in India but Research efforts are needed to find out its applicability in the Indian agricultural scenario. Current paper deals with the applicability, opportunity of precision agriculture in India.
Diunduh dari: ….. 29/9/2012

3. Precision farming in Indian Agricultural Scenario
Precision farming is characterised by a number of sophisticated tools that assist in monitoring variation and managing inputs.
These include:
Global Positioning System (GPS) – a referencing device capable of identifying sites within a field;
Sensors and dataloggers – crop, soil and climate information can be monitored at a high frequency using these technologies;
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) – maps of these attributes can be generated and analysed using simple browsers or complex models
PRECISION FARMING OVERVIEW
Diunduh dari: ….. 29/9/2012

4. INCREASING CROP, LIVESTOCK AND FISHERY PRODUCTIVITY THROUGH ICT
Using Remote Sensors and Similar Tools to Measure Soil Properties
for creating digital soil maps.
Through near infrared and short-wave infrared sensors, satellites measure spectral reflectance in soils on the ground. Different materials reflect and absorb solar radiation at a variety of wavelengths (see the figure). As a result, remote sensors can measure soil color, texture (sand, silt, and clay), organic matter, moisture, salinity, and absorption processes by detecting and observing the solar radiation reflected (orbit sensing). Reflectance changes depending on the soil’s contents; for example, reflectance is low in areas with low silt content.
This technology gives researchers an accurate assessment of soil properties to use in GIS and computer modeling for digital soil maps. 
Source: and (a) Hoffer 1978.
Diunduh dari: ….. 29/9/2012

5. INCREASING CROP, LIVESTOCK AND FISHERY PRODUCTIVITY THROUGH ICT
Precision Farming through Satellite Technologies
Precision farming through satellite technology utilizes three technologies: GPS (which can position a tractor within a few feet in the field), GIS (which can capture, manage, and analyze spatial data relating to crop productivity and field inputs), and variable rate technology (which provides site-specific, “on-the-fly” estimates of field inputs for site-specific application).
The three ICTs combined provide information that allows producers to apply inputs, such as fertilizer and insecticide, precisely where they are needed
Source: GIS Development Net
Diunduh dari: ….. 29/9/2012

6. INCREASING CROP, LIVESTOCK AND FISHERY PRODUCTIVITY THROUGH ICT
Web-Based GIS for Paddy Precision Farming, Malaysia
In Malaysia, an interactive, web-based GIS provides information for precision farming and mapping in the Sawah Sempadan rice-growing area in Tanjung Karang, Selangor (Che’Ya et al. 2009).
The system allows farmers to access information about rice cultivation in their area. Because it uses open-source software, the system is cost-effective for users. Farmers can print variable rate fertilizer application maps and historical data about yield per paddy lot in previous seasons. This helps farmers analyze and reflect on the best strategy for the coming growing season. Farmers can share information, especially on fertilizer recommendations.
A web presence also allows policy makers to access rice information.
Diunduh dari: ….. 29/9/2012

7. Shree S Nath, John P Bolte, Lindsay G Ross, Jose Aguilar-Manjarrez.
Applications of geographical information systems (GIS) for spatial decision support in aquaculture
Shree S Nath, John P Bolte, Lindsay G Ross, Jose Aguilar-Manjarrez.
Aquacultural Engineering. Volume 23, Issues 1–3, September 2000, Pages 233–278.
A hierarchical modeling scheme with MCE and MOLA to evaluate suitability of locations for aquaculture and agriculture and resolve associated conflicts, in the Sinaloa state of Mexico
(adapted from Aguilar-Manjarrez and Ross, 1995).
Diunduh dari: ….. 29/9/2012

8. Shree S Nath, John P Bolte, Lindsay G Ross, Jose Aguilar-Manjarrez.
Applications of geographical information systems (GIS) for spatial decision support in aquaculture
Shree S Nath, John P Bolte, Lindsay G Ross, Jose Aguilar-Manjarrez.
Aquacultural Engineering. Volume 23, Issues 1–3, September 2000, Pages 233–278.
A hierarchical modeling scheme with a MCE approach to assess the suitability of locations, and associated yield potentials for inland aquaculture in Africa (adapted from Aguilar-Manjarrez and Nath, 1998).
Diunduh dari: ….. 29/9/2012

9. Precision Farming With GIS: A fresh Method of Farming
Posted by ForestryGIS on Monday, January 9, 2012
Organic Farming
Detail harvesting delivers farmers a fresh set of tools to assist them see as well as deal with their property, and also to better recognize his or her garden soil circumstances. Accurate grinding uses  Geographical Informations Systems, to split an area in to little helpings so that you can look at the field in higher depth. This information enables you to decrease eco-friendly fertilizer waste materials through providing exact info on what kind of vitamins happen to be in the soil, along with what are the ph of the garden soil location is. This can be done simply by splitting up the actual farm directly into modest units, next analyzing your earth. In the event the soil is way too alkaline or perhaps citrus in one region, it may locking mechanism your nutrients protecting against the particular plants through ingesting these. Together with accuracy harvesting these kinds of locations may be treatable to offer your entire industry the consistent ph level making it possible for better crop operations.
Diunduh dari: ….. 29/9/2012

10. GIS BASED CROP PRODUCTION MODEL AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Satya Priya RMSI Pvt. Ltd., NOIDA, India.
To address the spatial variability, a spatial model “Spatial-EPIC” “(Satya et. al., 1998) was developed based on a crop simulation model EPIC (Williams, J. R. and A. N. Sharpely., 1989) (Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator).
Brief schematic presentation of modeling
Diunduh dari: ….. 29/9/2012

11. GIS BASED CROP PRODUCTION MODEL AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Satya Priya RMSI Pvt. Ltd., NOIDA, India.
Development of “spatial-epic model” To understand what these crop needs are from point to point/pixel to pixel, it is necessary to understand the relationship between crop yield and both controllable (such as fertiliser nutrients) and uncontrollable (such as soil, topography) factors.
The effect of these factors on yield is complex and may change from point to point within a field.
Identification of opportunities and constraints is the task of characterisation.
Modeling within a GIS offers a mechanism to integrate the many scales of data developed in and for agricultural research.
. Physical Components of the Model.
Diunduh dari: ….. 29/9/2012

12. GIS BASED CROP PRODUCTION MODEL AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Satya Priya RMSI Pvt. Ltd., NOIDA, India.
Development of Dynamic Adaptations & Management Loop
The original EPIC is static with respect to management and technology. A single crop or rotation, tillage practice, conservation measure, crop planting and harvesting date, and machine sequence is specified prior to an EPIC simulation and cannot be varied during a simulation.
The level of technology (such as plant genetic material and efficiency, plant varieties or cultivar, irrigation efficiencies, and so on) is also fixed. This was one of the main bottlenecks in the EPIC because it can not adopt the management as per the climatic and resources prevail in temporal time scale.
Therefore, the “Spatial-EPIC” carries a component where all these management and technologies practices have been made dynamic.
. Modelling Linkage Diagram.
Diunduh dari: ….. 29/9/2012

13. USING REMOTELY SENSED DATA AND GIS TO IMPROVE FARM PLANNING AND PRODUCTIVITY
Darryl Woodrow
National GIS Manager, Airesearch Mapping Pty Ltd. 11 Hi-Tech Ct, Technology Park. Eight Mile Plains QLD 4113 Ph Fax
Precision Farming is one of the latest developments in managing returns from farm assets.
Using a Geographic Information System (GIS), analysis of an entire farm can be made down to sub-paddock regions. Information such as soil, slope, aspect and rainfall can all be analysed to develop a picture of the characteristics of each parcel of land. Characteristics of one parcel can be compared to others to determine why yields and costs incurred vary from one location to another.
However, is this all encompassing? .Are there ways we can improve our decisions?
With the combination of remotely sensed data (satellite imagery, aerial photography, plus others) and GIS, decisions on farm management can be made to maximise returns and reduce costs.
Imagery can be used to determine the health and vigor of crops and assist in determining growth rates. Informed decisions can then be made on the productivity of various parcels. Action can be taken to improve areas that are not performing.
Yield returns can be calculated and risk assessments made for the viability of any parcel of land. Long-term strategies can be formed with confidence that the information being used is the best available. With the information determined from imagery the harvest could be planned to maximise yields over the entire farm.
Diunduh dari: /9/2012

14. The Benefits of Remote Sensing to Agriculture
USING REMOTELY SENSED DATA AND GIS TO IMPROVE FARM PLANNING AND PRODUCTIVITY
Darryl Woodrow
National GIS Manager, Airesearch Mapping Pty Ltd. 11 Hi-Tech Ct, Technology Park. Eight Mile Plains QLD 4113 Ph Fax
The Benefits of Remote Sensing to Agriculture
Applications of remote sensing in agriculture may only be limited by a persons imagination. Current applications are designed to provide the farmer with timely information about crop progress.
The following are just some of the benefits that can be gained from the use of remote sensing.
Early identification of crop health and stress
Ability to use this information to do remediation work on the problem
Improve crop yield
Crop yield predictions
Reduce costs
Reduce environmental impact
Crop management to maximise returns through the season
Crop management to maximise returns during harvest time.
Diunduh dari: /9/2012

15. The cyclic nature of the precision farming approach..
USING REMOTELY SENSED DATA AND GIS TO IMPROVE FARM PLANNING AND PRODUCTIVITY
Darryl Woodrow
National GIS Manager, Airesearch Mapping Pty Ltd. 11 Hi-Tech Ct, Technology Park. Eight Mile Plains QLD 4113 Ph Fax
The precision farming approach to crop production may be viewed as a four step process .
Using data obtained through GIS, GPS and imagery many functions can be planned from the start of the crop.
Seeding rates across the field can be varied to allow for better plant growth. Seeding rates and hence yield rates can be maximised according to soil conditions.
The application of fertilizers and insecticides can be varied in much the same rate across the field as seeding rates.
Harvesting equipment can be equipped with services that measure the yield.
Combined with GPS a yield map can be produced to show variations in yield.
The cyclic nature of the precision farming approach..
Diunduh dari: /9/2012

16. REMOTE SENSING AND GIS APPLICATIONS FOR AGRICULTURE
Rajesh Solomon Paul and K.S. Siva Subramanian
Remote Sensing and GIS applications for agriculture can be classified as:
Creation of Agricultural Information System, by combining information derived from source satellite images and data collected from other sources
Agricultural Information based applications such as, insurance, commercial distribution studies of seeds, pests and fertilizers
Agricultural Livelihood or Commercial Enhancement Studies, such as, land development, agricultural risk mitigation studies, watershed management etc
Diunduh dari: ….. 29/9/2012

17. REMOTE SENSING AND GIS APPLICATIONS FOR AGRICULTURE
Rajesh Solomon Paul and K.S. Siva Subramanian
. Application of RS and GIS in agriculture.
Diunduh dari: ….. 29/9/2012

18. REMOTE SENSING AND GIS APPLICATIONS FOR AGRICULTURE
Rajesh Solomon Paul and K.S. Siva Subramanian
Agriculture data for fertilizer distribution companies Different crops and agricultural fields require different types and amount of fertilizer. It is often observed that there is either a shortage or over supply of certain fertilizer in the market. This happens due to lack of information on agricultural fields. Analyzing landuse, land capability, soil characteristics and farmer’s interest one can estimate the fertilizer requirement for a particular area.
. GIS analysis for assessment of fertilizer requirement.
Diunduh dari: ….. 29/9/2012

19. REMOTE SENSING AND GIS APPLICATIONS FOR AGRICULTURE
Rajesh Solomon Paul and K.S. Siva Subramanian
SISTEM INFORMASI BERBASIS WEB
In order to provide complete information to the farmers, traders and consumers - web GIS* has been effectively used and easily accessed through Internet from any part of the world. This system includes information about the crop varieties, farm management practices, markets, current prices and weather related information amongst others. The concept of e-chaupal of ITC helps farmers to sell their produce directly and thereby fetch good returns. Farmers can send on-line queries related to crops, markets, and crop management practices through various centers.
. Components of web-GIS for agriculture.
Diunduh dari: ….. 29/9/2012

20. Christopher Legg, “Independent Remote Sensing and GIS Consultant”
SATELLITES AND MAPS IN AFRICAN AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
Christopher Legg, “Independent Remote Sensing and GIS Consultant”
They will be describing the use of GPS technology, satellite-derived public domain data sets and geographic information systems in planning and managing agricultural development projects in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa has evolved over centuries to provide food and income for mainly rural populations in a very wide range of environments, from desert to rain forest and from coastal lowlands to plateaux and mountains. ..
Diunduh dari: ….. 30/9/2012

21. Posted on September 11, 2011 by Auracle Geospatial Science, Inc.
. Remote Sensing Applications for Agriculture and Land Use Management and Mapping
Posted on September 11, 2011 by Auracle Geospatial Science, Inc.
A satellite remote sensing process as applied to agricultural monitoring processes.
The sun (A) emits electromagnetic energy (B) to plants (C).
A portion of the electromagnetic energy is transmitted through the leaves.
The sensor on the satellite detects the reflected energy (D).
The data is then transmitted to the ground station (E).
The data is analyzed (F) and displayed on field maps (G). ..
Diunduh dari: ….. 30/9/2012