1. Chapter 2 Modern Private Security

2. What is Private Security?
Private security is:
A profit oriented business.
It provides personnel, equipment and/or procedures to prevent losses caused by human error, emergencies, disasters or criminal actions.

3. Major Functions Performed by Private Security Officers
The primary function is to prevent loss by:
(1) gathering information.
(2) controlling access to and maintaining order on private property.
(3) protecting persons and property against crime and disaster.

4. Major Functions Performed by Private Security Officers
Specific functions:
Enforce policies and procedures of security, access and asset control and employee safety.
Provide a secure workplace environment.
Protect assets and technology of companies.
Respond to on-site incidents.
Report unsafe or threatening security conditions.

5. Major Types of Private Security Personnel
Private security guards-usually in uniform and armed:
Control access to private property.
Maintain order on premises.
Enforce rules and regulations of employer.
Protect against loss from fire or equipment failure.
Help prevent and/or detect criminal acts on private property.

6. Major Types of Private Security Personnel
Private Patrol Officers, similar to public police patrol officers.
Protect and patrol private property.
Citizens perceive public patrol unable to protect them so they turn to private patrol.

7. Major Types of Private Security Personnel
Private Investigators (PI) do some criminal investigation.
Law firms use PI’s to assist in preparing for civil and criminal trials.
Often do background checks for employers and insurance and credit applications.
Often do undercover work to detect employee dishonesty, pilferage or shoplifting.

8. Major Types of Private Security Personnel
Armed Couriers are uniformed and armed.
They ensure protection of money, documents or people as they are transported from one place to another.
Brink’s is the largest armed courier service.

9. Major Types of Private Security Personnel
Central Alarm Respondents are part of central alarm services.
High number of false alarms cannot be answered by police.
Alarm respondents sent to activated alarms.
ADT is the largest private central alarm service.

10. Major Types of Private Security Personnel
Consultants whether in-house or outside are brought in to:
Assess what types of threats or risks affect assets to be protected.
Render opinion on probability of those threats or risks.
Recommend a security or loss prevention plan to reduce probability of those threats or risks.

11. Differences in Proprietary and Contractual Private Security
Proprietary services are in-house, directly hired and controlled by company or organization.
Contract services are outside firms or individuals who provide security services for a fee.
Hybrid services combine the two.

12. Advantages of Proprietary and Contractual Private Security
Loyalty
Incentive
Knowledge of internal operation
Tenure (less turnover)
Control stays in-house
Supervision stays in house
Training geared to specific job
Company image improved
Morale
Courtesy to in-house personnel
Better law enforcement liaison
Selection controlled
Better communication
Contract
Selectivity
Flexibility
Replacement of absenteeism
Supervision (at no cost)
Training at no cost
Objectivity
Cost (20% less, not counting administrative costs)
Quality
Administration and budgeting taken care of
Little union problems
Variety of services and equipment
Hiring and screening (at no cost)
Better local law enforcement contracts
Sharing expertise and knowledge

13. Disadvantages of Proprietary and Contractual Private Security
Unions
Familiar with personnel
Cost
Inflexibility
Administrative burdens
Contract
Turnover (extremely high industrywide)
Divided loyalties
Moonlighting (may be tired and not alert)
Reassignment
Screening standards (may be inadequate)
Insurance

14. Regulation of Private Security
Regulation of private security industry should be performed at the state level through a regulatory board and staff.
Regulation can be achieved by requiring:
Licensing of contract services.
Registration of all persons specifically performing private security functions.

15. Regulation of Private Investigators
Most states that regulate private investigation businesses require:
Licensing of individuals, partnerships and corporations providing private contract investigative services.
Most of these states have established a variety of standards to obtain a license.

16. Regulation of Private Investigators
Requirements for a private investigator’s license usually include:
State residency.
US citizenship.
Training and/or work experience as a police officer or investigator.
A clean arrest record.
The passing of a background investigation.
The passing of an oral or written examination.

17. Certified Protection Professional
Certified Protection Professionals (CPP) have been designated by ASIS, the American Society for Industrial Security, for meeting specific criteria of professional protection knowledge and conduct.
The CPP has met:
Specific experience and educational requirements.
Passed a common knowledge exam and an exam in 4 specialty areas.

18. Certified Protection Professional Exam Areas
Mandatory subjects
Emergency planning
Investigations
Legal aspects
Personnel security
Physical security
Protection of sensitive information
Security management
Substance abuse
Loss prevention
Liaison
Specialty subjects
Banking and financial institutions
Computer security
Credit card security
Defense industrial security program
Educational institutions security
Fire resources management
Health care institutions security
Manufacturing security
Nuclear power security
Public utility security
Restaurant and lodging security
Retail security
Transportation and cargo security
Oil and gas industrial security
Telephone and telecommunications security

19. Summary Questions What is private security?
What are the major functions performed by private security officers?
What are the major types of private security personnel?
How does proprietary and contractual private security differ?
How might private security services be regulated?

20. Summary Questions How are private investigators/detectives regulated?
What are the requirements for becoming a private investigator?
What is a Certified Protection Professional (CPP)?