1. Liana Al-Labadi, O.D.

2. Optometric terms  Astigmatism :  A condition in which the cornea's curvature is asymmetrical (the eye is shaped like a football or egg instead of a baseball); light rays are focused at two points on the retina rather than one, resulting in blurred vision. Additional symptoms include distorted vision, eyestrain, shadows on letters, squinting and double vision  Anisometropia :  A condition where the eyes have a significantly different refractive power from each other, so the prescription required for good vision will be different for each eye.  Amblyopia - Also called lazy eye.  Undeveloped central vision in one eye that leads to the use of the other eye as the dominant eye. Strabismus is the leading cause, followed by anisometropia.  There are no symptoms. The patient may be found squinting and closing one eye to see; there may be unrecognized blurred vision in one eye and vision loss. http://www.opted.org/files/public/Eyes_Have_it_Career_Guide_-_FINAL_02_10.pdf

3. Optometric terms  Refraction:  The test performed during an eye exam to determine the eyeglass lens powers needed for optimum visual acuity.  An automated refraction uses an instrument that does not require the patient to respond.  A manifest refraction is the manual way to determine the best lenses, by placing various lenses in front of the patient's eyes and asking, "Which is better, lens 1 or lens 2?“  Strabismus :  A misalignment of the eyes  The eyes don't point at the same object together. Crossed eyes (esotropia) are one type of strabismus; "wall-eyes" (exotropia) are another.  The exact cause is unknown, but appears to be a problem with the eye muscles.  Strabismus can affect depth perception. http://www.opted.org/files/public/Eyes_Have_it_Career_Guide_-_FINAL_02_10.pdf

4. Optometric terms  Prescription lenses :  Lenses that provide vision correction as prescribed by an eye care practitioner.  Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA):  The best vision you can achieve with correction (such as glasses), as measured on the standard Snellen eye chart.  For example, if your uncorrected eyesight is 6/60, but you can see 6/6 with glasses, your BCVA is 6/6

5. Optometric terms  Diopter:  Unit of measure for the refractive (light-bending) power of a lens  eye care practitioners use it in eyeglass and contact lens prescriptions  A negative number refers to nearsightedness; a positive number, farsightedness.  For example, someone with -8.00 diopter lenses is very nearsighted, while someone with +0.75 diopter lenses is only slightly farsighted.  Phakic:  An eye that still has its natural lens.  When an eye is aphakic, usually the lens has been removed during cataract or other eye surgery.

6. Optometric terms  Cataract:  Clouding of the natural lens of the eye  Usually caused by:  Aging – most likely cause  Other risk factors:  Exposure to the sun's UV rays  Smoking  Steroid intake  Diabetes.  Symptoms include blurred vision, glare, halos around lights, colors that are less bright, a cloudy spot in your vision and, sometimes, temporary vision improvement.  Intraocular lens (IOL)  Artificial lens that a cataract surgeon places in a patient's eye after removing the eye's natural lens.  Like a contact lens, it has a built-in refractive power tailored specifically to the patient's visual condition. http://www.opted.org/files/public/Eyes_Have_it_Career_Guide_-_FINAL_02_10.pdf

7. Optometric terms  Low vision  Also called partial sight.  Sight that cannot be satisfactorily corrected with glasses, contacts, or surgery.  Low vision usually results from an eye disease such as glaucoma or macular degeneration.  Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)  Disorder characterized by changes in the eye's macula that result in the gradual loss of central vision.  The exact cause is unknown, but appears to be related to a genetic predisposition, smoking and several other risk factors.  Central vision may be blurred, distorted or shadowy before vision loss occurs. http://www.opted.org/files/public/Eyes_Have_it_Career_Guide_-_FINAL_02_10.pdf

8. Optometric terms  Intraocular pressure (IOP):  Eye pressure, as determined by the amount of aqueous humor filling it.  High IOP (ocular hypertension) can be a sign of glaucoma  Diabetic retinopathy  Leaking of retinal blood vessels in advanced or long-term diabetes, affecting the macula or retina.  Most people have no symptoms at first, but can develop blurred near vision, double vision, floaters, and retinal/vitreous hemorrhages.  In later stages, you can also suffer vision loss.

9. Optometry Faculty  In responding to the needs of the Palestinian people, An-Najah National University added the Faculty of Optometry to it 19 existing Faculties in 2004  Today the Faculty has 90 students  It is the only Faculty of Optometry in Palestine and is a full member at the World ld Council of Optometry

10. Optometry Faculty http://www.najah.edu/page/626

11. Optometry Faculty http://www.najah.edu/page/626

12. Program Goals  Goals:  Offer a professional scientific education in Optometry for the students of Palestine.  Offer a scientific and educational environment for researchers in Optometry.  Offer a base to develop academic and professional experiences in Optometry.  Offer medical treatment to patients in Palestine.  Improve a professional and academic level of workers in the field of Optometry.

13. Advisory Plan  At the end of the program, the students will receive a Bachelor of Science Degree in Optometry  Graduation requirements for the BSc. Degree in optometry:  The students have to complete 159 credit hours distributed as follows:  20 credit hours compulsory elective courses  6 University credit hours elective courses  133 credit hours Faculty requirements http://www.najah.edu/page/1360

14. Advisory Plan http://www.najah.edu/page/1360

15. Advisory Plan http://www.najah.edu/page/1360

16. Advisory Plan http://www.najah.edu/page/1360

17. Advisory Plan http://www.najah.edu/page/1360

18. Academic Staff  Dean:  Dr. Anwar Dudin  Dean of the Medical School  Assistant Professors:  Dr. Khereyah Fakhri Ebraheem Al-kharoof  PHD in Vision Science from UK  She now serves as the President Assistant for International Affairs  Dr. Liana Mohammed Abdulllah Labadi  Doctor of Optometry  Dr. Mazen Mohammad Ali Mahfooth Khowaira  Doctor of Medicine- Ophthalmology  Medical degree from Al-Quds University; Residency from Jordan University

19. Academic Staff  Visiting Professors:  Professor Adel Khudarieh  Bachelor of Optometry degree from UK  New Professors:  Dr. Mohammad Shehadeh  Doctor of Medicine- Ophthalmology  Medical degree from Al-Quds University; Residency from Jordan University  Dr. Mohammad Aqawi  Doctor of Medicine- Ophthalmology  Medical degree from Al-Quds University; Residency from Jordan University

20. Optometric terms  Accommodation :  Eye's ability to automatically change focus from seeing at one distance to seeing at another.  Binocular vision:  Ability of both eyes to work together to achieve proper focus, depth perception and range of vision  Diplopia:  Also called double vision.  When two images of the same object are perceived by one or both eyes.  i.e. when someone sees two instead of one http://www.opted.org/files/public/Eyes_Have_it_Career_Guide_-_FINAL_02_10.pdf

21. Optometric terms  Single vision:  A lens that has the same power throughout the entire lens, in contrast to a bifocal or multifocal lens that has more than one lens power.  Reading glasses :  Also called readers.  Glasses to help with close work, particularly for people who are presbyopic  Multifocal:  Type of spectacle lens, IOL, or contact lens design that includes more than one area through which the eye focuses.  Examples are bifocals or trifocals.  This enables sight at multiple distances, typically for people with presbyopia  Bifocal:  Lens with one segment for near vision and one segment for far vision.  Can apply to both spectacle lenses and contact lenses  Progressive lenses :  Also called progressive addition lenses or PALs.  Multifocal lenses whose corrective powers change progressively throughout the lens.  A wearer looks through one portion of the lens for distance vision, another for intermediate vision, and a third portion for reading or close work.  Each area is blended invisibly into the next, without the lines that traditional bifocals  Trifocal:  Similar to PALs but with visible lines on the glasses http://www.opted.org/files/public/Eyes_Have_it_Career_Guide_-_FINAL_02_10.pdf

22. Optometric terms  Peripheral vision:  The edges of your visual field.  Refractive surgery:  Surgery that corrects visual acuity, with the objective of reducing or eliminating the need for glasses and contacts.  Includes radial keratotomy, PRK, LASIK, and corneal implants.  Soft contact lenses :  Contacts made of gel-like plastic containing varying amounts of water.  RGP (Rigid Gas Permeable):  Type of contact lens made of breathable plastic that is custom-fit to the shape of the cornea.  RGPs are the successor to old-fashioned hard lenses, which are now virtually obsolete.  Toric:  A lens design with two different optical powers at right angles to each other for the correction of astigmatism. http://www.opted.org/files/public/Eyes_Have_it_Career_Guide_-_FINAL_02_10.pdf