1. Chapter 2 Review

2. During the Ice Age huge sheets of ice formed. Sheets of ice that move slowly over the Earth’s surface are called _?_.

3. glaciers

4. During the Ice Age the water levels of the oceans dropped. This formed a land bridge between what two continents?

5. Asia & North America

6. What was this land bridge that connected the continents of Asia & North America called?

7. Bering Strait (Beringia)

8. What vocabulary term refers to diagrams that show events that take place during a certain period of time ? 20002001200220032004200520062007

9. Time line

10. What term refers to a period of: 10 years - ___________

11. Decade The Roman Numeral for decade is - X

12. What term refers to a period of: 10 years – decade 100 years - ???????

13. Century The Roman Numeral Number for century is - C

14. What term refers to a period of: 10 years – decade 100 years –century 1000 years - ?????????

15. Millennium The Roman Numeral number for millennium is - M

16. Roman Numerals A smaller number in front of a larger number means subtraction, all else means addition. For example, IV means 4, VI means 6. You would not put more than one smaller number in front of a larger number to subtract. For example, IIV would not mean 3. You must separate ones, tens, hundreds, and thousands as separate items. That means that 99 is XCIX, 90 + 9, but never should be written as IC. Similarly, 999 cannot be IM and 1999 cannot be MIM. I The numeral one. II is two, III is three. You seldom see IIII as 4, since IV can also mean 4, plus its shorter to write. V The numeral 5. IV is 4, VI is 6, VII is 7, VIII is 8. X The numeral 10. IX is 9, XI is 11, etc. L The numeral 50. XL would be 40. C The numeral 100. Think of Century having a hundred years. C is short for the Latin word Centum, but that's not very easy to remember. D The numeral 500. M The numeral 1000.

17. The Four Corners consist of the four states of:

19. Vocabulary Terms

20. Scientists who study the cultures of people who lived long ago are known as _?_.

21. archaeologists

22. Objects made by early people are known as ?

23. artifact

24. A possible scientific explanation of how something happens is called a _?_.

25. theory

26. The years “before” the birth of Christ are known by the abbreviated letters:

27. B.C. – which stands for before Christ.

28. What do the letters A.D. stand for ?

29. The letters A.D represent the days “after” the birth of Christ. They are the abbreviations for the Latin words Anno Domini, which means “in the year of our Lord” or “after death.”

30. Stories that tell about the origins or beginnings of people are called _?_.

31. Origin stories

32. Over time the climate and vegetation changed and many animals died out or became _?_.

33. extinct

34. Years ago Native Americans began learning how to grow crops for food. This was the beginning of farming, which is also known as _?_.

35. agriculture

36. What vocabulary term refers to the practice of holding people against their will and making them carry out orders?

37. slavery

38. What did the group of Native Americans known as the Mound Builders build as places of worship or as burial places?

39. mounds

40. What vocabulary term is a synonym for the “main” foods the Pueblo Indians grew?

41. staple

42. The three main food groups the Pueblo’s grew were corn, beans, and squash. Of these 3, which was the most important?

43. corn

44. What vocabulary term refers to having more food than the amount needed?

45. Surplus – having more food than is needed

46. The river traders traveled in boats made from large, hollowed out logs called _?_.

47. dugouts

48. The exchange of goods such as fish, shells, jewelry, or baskets, for other items is referred to as _?_.

49. bartering

50. The Northwest Coast and the Arctic Native Americans held celebrations of feasting and dancing to show off a person’s wealth. The host would give away elaborate and nice gifts. This type of celebration was called a _?_.

51. potlatch

52. The Northwest Coast people used _?_, which were long spears with sharp shell points, to hunt whales.

53. Harpoons

54. A _?_ was a tall, wooden post standing outside an Indian house that had shapes of people and animals carved into it.

55. Totem pole

56. What was the most important resource to the Plains Native Americans ? …what about the 2 nd most important resource?

57. Resources of the Plains Indians 1 st - water2 nd - buffalo

58. Groups of Native Americans that wandered from place to place following groups of buffalo were called _?_. They were called this because they did not have a permanent place to live.

59. NOMADS

60. _?_ is earth cut into blocks or mats that are held together by grass and its roots.

61. Sod

62. Some Native Americans lived in cone-shaped tents, which were covered in buffalo skins. These tents were known as _?_.

63. Teepee’s

64. Plains Indians carried goods from place to place by using two poles tied together with animal skins and then fastened to a horse with a harness. What was this called?

65. travois

66. The Eastern Woodland Native Americans lived in villages surrounded by a wall made of sharpened tree trunks called a _?_. This wall protected them from wild animals and their enemies.

67. palisade

68. Fertilizer is used to make things grow better. What item did the Eastern Woodland Indians use to fertilize soil?

69. fish

70. The Algonquian Native Americans lived in round, bark-covered shelters called _?_.

71. wigwams

72. When two or more people have a disagreement, each side must give up a part of what they want to reach an agreement. What is this called?

73. To reach an agreement they must COMPROMISE.

74. Knowing how to compromise gives you another way to_?_, or settle, your conflicts.

75. resolve

76. Study! and be prepared!