1. PRIMARY INSOMNIA Julie Ramirez April 19, 2012 Period:1

2. Primary Insomnia : Sleepiness that cannot be attributed to a medical, psychiatric, or environmental cause (such as drug abuse or forms of medications) Basically means that a person has sleeping problems that are not directly associated with any other health problems.

3. Associated Features Experiencing difficulty to maintain sleep Difficulty falling asleep Constant awakening during sleep Non-restorative sleep Restless, light, or poor quality of sleep Significant distress or impairment (anxiety or damages)

4. More Features Symptoms of anxiety or depression that simply don’t meet their criteria. Poor concentration (unable to concentrate or having inattention may lead to accidents) Decrease in sleep efficiency Muscle tensions are increased

6. Etiology - Psychophysiological insomnia -Having a prolonged period of stress, having tensions and anxiety that that results from stress will cause one to keep awake. - Frustration may lead to poor sleep hygiene

7. Prevalence Approximately 1%- 10% in the general adult population. Primary Insomnia 25% are elders -About 15%-25% of people with Insomnia are later diagnosed with primary insomnia.

8. The Treatment People with insomnia are given different tests and exams - Tests are to eliminate the medical and psychiatric causes of insomnia - The people are interviewed in regards to their sleep habits. - -Are asked to keep a diary where they will describe their previous night’s sleep. - Helps decrease the unwanted information that has been recalled in the doctors office regarding their sleep information.

9. Sleep Latency Test Measuring the amount of time it takes those with the disorder to fall asleep Helps determine Vigilance ( the state in which a person is awake or alert) People must make some modifications in their lifestyle. Eliminate: caffeine, tobacco, or any alcohol - Avoid eating big meals when near bedtime - Avoid taking naps during the day - Exercise! – It will help eliminate stress

10. Treatment The use of Hypnotics becomes a good treatment Hypnotics are medications (sleep tablets )that will cause drowsiness while relaxing one’s muscles.

11. Prognosis Approximately 50%- 75% of people with insomnia complaints appear to have chronic symptoms that last for more than a year. Since the body needs sleep, it will often make adjustments to make up for the lack of sleep.

12. Probable Outcomes… -Usage of stressors -Stressors will cause one’s sleep to return to normality once they are no longer their concern. Improving one’s amount of sleep will improve the quality of life

13. References American psychiatric association: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Washington, D.C, American psychiatric Association, 2000 Halgin,R.P & Whibourne, SK (2005) Abnormal psychiatric perspectives on psychological disorders. [Ranjan].A (Primary insomnia) Retrieved from www.emedicinehealth.com/primary_insomnia/articl e. www.emedicinehealth.com/primary_insomnia/articl e Psychiatric disorders[AllPsycho] (http://allpsych.com/disorders/sleep/insomnia.html)

14. ~DISCUSSION~ -Does one have control over the prevention of primary insomnia? If so, how can one prevent it? -How can someone cope with having Primary Insomnia?