1. Week 2 Search Engines Google Westlaw

2.  Not a traditional law library  More material—not necessarily reliable  Less material—copyrighted material not available.  Harder to begin with “reliable” secondary sources”  But general search engines and free sites offer substitutes

3. What you find on the Internet  Law: Cases, codes, admin. regs., constitutions, local ordinances, constitutions  Public Records: Court Docs., Patents, Corporate Info, Real Estate Ownership; Personal information;  Legal News

4.  Internet: worldwide group of public and private computers linked together in a network to share information  World Wide Web (WWW) –collection of electronically linked files (web pages) stored on millions of computers  Browser—allows you to access web

5.  I.E.  Chrome  Firefox  General Features that help with CALR ◦ Favorites and bookmarks  Folders ◦ History ◦ Print ◦ Edit and Find Feature

6.  Search Engine—i.e. Google, Bing ◦ Do NOT search the entire Web ◦ Search “Indexes”  Directories (often Portals) ◦ Creator of Web site limits available documents

7.  Google  Yahoo!  Bing  Justia.com  USA.gov

10.  Browser: Explorer, etc. ◦ Need to familiarize yourself with features ◦ Affects research ◦ Important features: “find” “favorites” “history” “tools”  Search “Queries” ◦ Natural Language ◦ Boolean (Terms and Connectors) (Varies from site to site) ◦ Citations

11.  Goal: Match your search words and phrases with words and phrases found in the database to be searched.  Search methods ◦ Keyword (e.g. negligent) ◦ Phrase (e.g. negligence per se) ◦ Natural language (e.g. What is the definition of negligence?) ◦ Boolean connectors (e.g. and, or, …)  Allow a search based on relationship of words (i.e. are the words in the same paragraph, same sentence, within 5 words of each other.)  Not all search engines use the same connectors  Not all search engines have the same “default” e.g. Negligence Intentional (and or or) As technology improves—we see better keyword/natural language search results—but Boolean is still more precise

12.  Key words  Relationship of words ◦ And ◦ Or ◦ Proximity to one another  Proximity Connectors  /s /p (or w/s) /n where n is the number of words separating the key words

13.  /s /p (or w/s) /n where n is the number of words separating the key words

14.  “res ipsa loquitur” ◦ Exact phrase  Wildcard (*) ◦ Wom*n; Br*an  Root Extender (!) ◦ Neglig!

15.  Typing URL (web address) in Address Bar of browser  Some browsers (e.g. I.E. allow you to use the Address Bar to search  Using a general search engine (i.e. Google, Bing, Yahoo)  Using legally specific portals (specially- designed Web page at a website which brings information together from diverse sources in a uniform way)Web pagewebsite

16.  Unique search connectors ◦ https://support.google.com/websearch/answer/13 6861 https://support.google.com/websearch/answer/13 6861 ◦ https://support.google.com/websearch/answer/13 6861?p=adv_operators&hl=en

17.  http://www.howtogeek.com/106751/how- to-use-bings-advanced-search-operators- 8-tips-for-better-searches/

18.  Basic search strategies ◦ Default connector is “and” (no need to type) ◦ Not case sensitive ◦ Excludes “noise” words unless in quotes ◦ Instant returns (suggestions)  Search methods ◦ Search return ◦ I’m Feeling Lucky ◦ Advanced search (http://www.google.com/advanced_search)

19.  Home page  Advanced search  Apps

20. Apps

21.  Type search in basic google search box  Look for symbol to appear –right top—”gear”  Gives drop down menu

22.  “Boolean type searching”  Link to different Google “apps”  (We will come back to apps in a moment”

23. For our purposes let’s assume you want to retrieve all cases in a database that address Jones held a St. Patrick’s Day party at his house and invited several friends. One of his friends, Tom, drank too much green beer before leaving the party. Unfortunately he drove. On his way home, Tom hit another vehicle injuring the driver. Even more unfortunate—Tom had no auto insurance. Victim wants to sue Jones. Remember: you want to construct a search that would match the way a court might discuss similar cases.

24.  In general terms, what is the issue here? (always a good starting point for legal research)  Generic descriptions for “Jones”  Try a search on Google (basic then advanced search)

25.  Terms: Remember synonyms here  Connectors:  Put them together:

26.  Define: [word]  negligent: failing to take proper care in doing something. "directors have been negligent in the performance of their duties" synonyms:neglectful, remiss, careless, lax, irresponsible, inattentive, heedless, thoughtless, unmindful, forgetful;

27.  Scholar  Patents  Images  File Types (Advanced search option)  Groups  Alerts (need to search for it)

28.  Case law v. patents and articles  Case law: ◦ Police use of deadly force  Limit by jurisdiction (check and click on case law  Alerts  Save to My Library ◦ 471 US 1, 105 S. Ct. 1694, 85 L. Ed. 2d 1 ◦ 128 F. 3d 1283 (Calderon)  Try on Scholar and Google  Advanced Search

29. Click on down Arrow for advanced search

30.  Patent Number  Title  Original Assignee  Restrict by filing date  Don’t use Scholar.

31.  http://www.netforlawyers.com/category/topics/google http://www.netforlawyers.com/category/topics/google  Or  http://linkon.in/waPq9r