2. 1 IPEC The International Labour Organization and its InFocus programme: IPEC: The International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour IPEC: The International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour Joost KOOIJMANS, legal officer, September 2003

3. 7 IPEC History 1919:InternationalLabourOrganization1919:InternationalLabourOrganization Minimum Age (Industry) Convention, 1919 (No. 5) Minimum Age (Industry) Convention, 1919 (No. 5) Minimum Age (Sea) Convention, 1920 (No. 7) Minimum Age (Sea) Convention, 1920 (No. 7) Minimum Age (Agriculture) Convention, 1921 (No. 10) Minimum Age (Agriculture) Convention, 1921 (No. 10) Minimum Age (Trimmers and Stokers) Convention, 1921 (No. 15) Minimum Age (Trimmers and Stokers) Convention, 1921 (No. 15) Minimum Age (Non-Industrial Employment) Convention, 1932 (No. 33) Minimum Age (Non-Industrial Employment) Convention, 1932 (No. 33) Minimum Age (Sea) Convention (Revised), 1936 (No. 58) Minimum Age (Sea) Convention (Revised), 1936 (No. 58) Minimum Age (Industry) Convention (Revised), 1937 (No. 59) Minimum Age (Industry) Convention (Revised), 1937 (No. 59) Minimum Age (Non-Industrial Employment) Convention Minimum Age (Non-Industrial Employment) Convention (Revised), 1937 (No. 60) (Revised), 1937 (No. 60) Minimum Age (Fishermen) Convention, 1959 (No. 112) Minimum Age (Fishermen) Convention, 1959 (No. 112) Minimum Age (Underground Work) Convention, 1965 (No. 123). Minimum Age (Underground Work) Convention, 1965 (No. 123). Minimum Age (Industry) Convention, 1919 (No. 5) Minimum Age (Industry) Convention, 1919 (No. 5) Minimum Age (Sea) Convention, 1920 (No. 7) Minimum Age (Sea) Convention, 1920 (No. 7) Minimum Age (Agriculture) Convention, 1921 (No. 10) Minimum Age (Agriculture) Convention, 1921 (No. 10) Minimum Age (Trimmers and Stokers) Convention, 1921 (No. 15) Minimum Age (Trimmers and Stokers) Convention, 1921 (No. 15) Minimum Age (Non-Industrial Employment) Convention, 1932 (No. 33) Minimum Age (Non-Industrial Employment) Convention, 1932 (No. 33) Minimum Age (Sea) Convention (Revised), 1936 (No. 58) Minimum Age (Sea) Convention (Revised), 1936 (No. 58) Minimum Age (Industry) Convention (Revised), 1937 (No. 59) Minimum Age (Industry) Convention (Revised), 1937 (No. 59) Minimum Age (Non-Industrial Employment) Convention Minimum Age (Non-Industrial Employment) Convention (Revised), 1937 (No. 60) (Revised), 1937 (No. 60) Minimum Age (Fishermen) Convention, 1959 (No. 112) Minimum Age (Fishermen) Convention, 1959 (No. 112) Minimum Age (Underground Work) Convention, 1965 (No. 123). Minimum Age (Underground Work) Convention, 1965 (No. 123).

4. 2 IPEC International Principles and Rights UN Convention on the Rights of the Child of the Child UN Convention on the Rights of the Child of the Child ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work (1998) ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work (1998) Protection from economicexploitation economicexploitation Effective abolition of child labour Effective abolition of child labour ILO Minimum Age Convention, No. 138 ILO Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, No. 182

5. 3 IPEC Convention No. 138 ILO Minimum Age Convention No. 138 Requires a national policy for the effective abolition of child labour (Art. 1) Requires a specification of minimum age (Art. 2) GeneralExceptions for developing countries Basic Minimum Age (Art. 2)15 years (NOT less than 14 years end of compulsory schooling) end of compulsory schooling) Hazardous work (Art. 3)18 yearsNO EXCEPTION Hazardous work (Art. 3)18 yearsNO EXCEPTION (16 years conditionally) Light work (Art. 7)13-15 years12-14 years Light work (Art. 7)13-15 years12-14 years GeneralExceptions for developing countries Basic Minimum Age (Art. 2)15 years (NOT less than 14 years end of compulsory schooling) end of compulsory schooling) Hazardous work (Art. 3)18 yearsNO EXCEPTION Hazardous work (Art. 3)18 yearsNO EXCEPTION (16 years conditionally) Light work (Art. 7)13-15 years12-14 years Light work (Art. 7)13-15 years12-14 years

6. 4 IPEC What do we want to eliminate?

7. 5 IPEC C182 in relation with C138 C182 complements C138: Convention No. 138 aims at all forms of child labour Convention No. 182 aims at the worst forms of child labour as a matter of priority

8. 7 IPEC ILO Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention No. 182 and its Recommendation No. 190 A new global cause Calls for immediate action to eliminate the worst forms of child labour as a matter of urgency PRE-AMBULE OF CONVENTION: PRE-AMBULE OF CONVENTION: «..child labour is to a great extent caused by «..child labour is to a great extent caused by poverty and (..) the long-term solution lies in poverty and (..) the long-term solution lies in sustained economic growth leading to social sustained economic growth leading to social progress, in particular poverty alleviation and progress, in particular poverty alleviation and universal education.. » universal education.. » Irrespective of level of development development of country Convention No.182 and Recommendation No.190

9. 6 IPEC C 182: coverage Including forced recruitment for use in armed conflict conflictIncluding forced recruitment for use in armed conflict conflict Children in prostitution and pornography Children in prostitution and pornography Children in debt bondage and serfdom Children in debt bondage and serfdom Children in slavery, forced or compulsorylabour Children in slavery, forced or compulsorylabour Children in illicit activities Children in illicit activities Children in hazardous workChildren work All sectors of economic activity Girls and boys under 18 years Special attention for most vulnerable like very young and girls Worst forms of child labour as priority target groups

10. 7 IPEC C182: Obligations (summary) To take immediate and effective measures to prohibit and eliminate the worst forms of child labour as a matter of urgency (Art. 1) Determine and map hazardous work Establish monitoring mechanisms Design/implement programmes of action Ratifying member States must apply the Convention Develop time bound measures Enhance international cooperation

11. 7 IPEC ILO Regular supervisory machinery Government reports Employers’ and workers’ comments Direct requests sent to governments Observations published in report III (4A) Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations Tripartite Conference Committee [Governments, employers, workers] of the International Labour Conference

12. 7 IPEC Government, employers, workers UN-system and IGOs, in particular UNICEF UN-system and IGOs, in particular UNICEF International and regional development banks (e.g. World Bank) International and regional development banks (e.g. World Bank) NGOs (International, regional, national and local ) NGOs (International, regional, national and local ) Private sector (buisiness) Private sector (buisiness) Universities, judiciary, media, parliamentarians, health and religious organizations and/or institutions Universities, judiciary, media, parliamentarians, health and religious organizations and/or institutions Community-based organizations (local schools, doctors, teachers, chiefs and others) Community-based organizations (local schools, doctors, teachers, chiefs and others) Children and their families Children and their families Committed individuals Partners and alliances

13. 7 IPEC Child Labour PovertyPoverty Poverty causes child labour and child labour causes poverty !! EDUCATION To break the cycle !! Child labour and Poverty

14. 7 IPEC Combating child labour Combating child labour Operations Operations Knowledge/Advocacy Knowledge /Advocacy Programmes and Projects in the field Programmes and Projects in the field Awareness at local, national and international level Awareness at local, national and international level IPEC: Philosophy and objectives

15. 7 IPEC National ownership Accountability and cost effectiveness Dialogue, consensus and alliances Gender equality Mainstreaming of child labour in development policies, programmes development policies, programmes and budgets and budgets Sustainable action IPEC: Guiding principles

16. 7 IPEC Clear goals – specific targets – defined time frame Definition: A set of integrated & coordinated policies & programmes to prevent & eliminate a country’s worst forms of child labour within a defined period of time. Operates at many levels: international, national, provincial, community, individual/family. Addresses root causes of WFCL. Links to national development effort. Emphasis on “country ownership”. What is the Time-Bound Programme?

17. 7 IPEC Statistical Information and Monitoring Programme on Child Labour Programme on Child Labour Statistical Information and Monitoring Programme on Child Labour Programme on Child Labour Launched in 1998 Integral part of IPEC Help collecting and generating comprehensive and comparable quantitative and qualitative data Establishment based Survey Street children Survey School based Survey Rapid assessment Household-based Survey Baseline Survey SIMPOC

18. 8 IPEC For more information contact International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour 4, Route des Morillons CH-1211 Geneva 22 Switzerland Tel.: (+41 – 22) 799 81 81 Fax: (+41 – 22) 799 87 71 International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour 4, Route des Morillons CH-1211 Geneva 22 Switzerland Tel.: (+41 – 22) 799 81 81 Fax: (+41 – 22) 799 87 71 E-mail: ipec@ilo.org ipec@ilo.org childlabor@ilo.org childlabor@ilo.orgchildlabor@ilo.org Child labour website: http://www.ilo.org/childlabour E-mail: ipec@ilo.org ipec@ilo.org childlabor@ilo.org childlabor@ilo.orgchildlabor@ilo.org Child labour website: http://www.ilo.org/childlabour