1. PPT 8.2.1 Networks, Network operating systems

2. PPT 8.2.2 Networking - Basics Network defined Network defined The difference between Standalone and networked Systems The difference between Standalone and networked Systems Advantages of networking Advantages of networking Disadvantages of networking Disadvantages of networking Why use network Why use network To share information To share information To Share hardware and software To Share hardware and software Centralizing administration Centralizing administration

3. PPT 8.2.3 Types of networks Classification based on geographical area Classification based on geographical area LAN LAN WAN WAN

4. PPT 8.2.4 Local Area Networks Limited geographic area Limited geographic area High speed and error free data transmission High speed and error free data transmission Not expensive Not expensive

5. PPT 8.2.5 Wide Area Networks Connects computers over states, countries etc., Connects computers over states, countries etc., Unlimited geographical coverage Unlimited geographical coverage More sophisticated More sophisticated Connects LANs and MANs Connects LANs and MANs Expensive technology Expensive technology

6. PPT 8.2.6 Network configuration Classification based on how computers behave in a network Classification based on how computers behave in a network Two classifications are Two classifications are Peer-to-Peer network Peer-to-Peer network Server based network Server based network

7. PPT 8.2.7 Peer-to-Peer network Nodes provide and request services Nodes provide and request services User in each node administers resources User in each node administers resources No extra investment No extra investment Easy to setup Easy to setup Very weak security Very weak security Additional load on nodes Additional load on nodes

8. PPT 8.2.8 Server based network Designated computer to administer Designated computer to administer Resources centralized Resources centralized Supports larger networks Supports larger networks Strong security Strong security Expensive Expensive

9. PPT 8.2.9 Network hardware Hub Hub Cables Cables Connectors Connectors Switches Switches Routers Routers

10. PPT 8.2.10 Hub Standard component in network Standard component in network Types Types Active, Passive Active, Passive Manageable Manageable Easier administration Easier administration Centralized monitoring of network Centralized monitoring of network

11. PPT 8.2.11 Cables Wires the LAN, usually Wires the LAN, usually Transmit signals through network Transmit signals through network Different cable considerations according to need Different cable considerations according to need Types Types Co-axial Co-axial Twisted Pair Twisted Pair Fiber-optic Fiber-optic

12. PPT 8.2.12 Co-axial cable Most trusted in earlier networks Most trusted in earlier networks Carries data as electromagnetic signals Carries data as electromagnetic signals Good resistance against interference Good resistance against interference

13. PPT 8.2.13 Twisted pair Pair of insulated copper wires Pair of insulated copper wires Types Types Shielded(STP) Shielded(STP) Unshielded(UTP) Unshielded(UTP) UTP common in LAN UTP common in LAN Max. cable length – 100 meters Max. cable length – 100 meters

14. PPT 8.2.14 Fiber optic cables Core – cylinder of glass Core – cylinder of glass Not subject to interference Not subject to interference Transfer rate – more than 100 mbps Transfer rate – more than 100 mbps Expensive Expensive

15. PPT 8.2.15 Connectors for UTP RJ – 11 and RJ – 45 RJ – 11 and RJ – 45 RJ11 in telephone cables – 4 cable connections RJ11 in telephone cables – 4 cable connections RJ45 in LAN cables – 8 cable connections RJ45 in LAN cables – 8 cable connections

16. PPT 8.2.16 Network adapter card Prepares data from computer for network and sends Prepares data from computer for network and sends Receives data from network and translates for computer Receives data from network and translates for computer

17. PPT 8.2.17 Using IP address Two methods Two methods Static addressing Static addressing Using DHCP Using DHCP Two components Two components Network ID Network ID Host ID Host ID 3 classes 3 classes Class A networks Class A networks Class B networks Class B networks Class C networks Class C networks

18. PPT 8.2.18 Network troubleshooting In case of problems In case of problems Check Physical connection first Check Physical connection first Check power supply in the hub Check power supply in the hub Check sample packet transfer Check sample packet transfer Check configuration Check configuration

19. PPT 8.2.19 Network operating systems Co-ordinates hardware and software Co-ordinates hardware and software Ties together all computers and peripherals Ties together all computers and peripherals Provides security by controlling access to resources and peripherals shared Provides security by controlling access to resources and peripherals shared Manages users Manages users

20. PPT 8.2.20 Network operating systems available Windows NT Windows NT Windows 2000 & Windows Server 2003 Windows 2000 & Windows Server 2003 Netware from Novell Netware from Novell Unix Unix Apple Macintosh Apple Macintosh

21. PPT 8.2.21 Shares Sharing allows access to resources over network Sharing allows access to resources over network Folders and devices are directly shared; not files or programs Folders and devices are directly shared; not files or programs Permissions for access can be assigned to users and groups Permissions for access can be assigned to users and groups Level of permission can be varied Level of permission can be varied

22. PPT 8.2.22 User accounts Local User Accounts Enable users to log on and access resources on a specific computer Domain User Accounts Enable users to log on to the domain to gain access to network resources Reside in Active Directory Enable users to log on to the domain to gain access to network resources Reside in Active Directory Enable users to perform administrative tasks or gain temporary access to network resources Reside in SAM (local built-in user accounts) Reside in Active Directory (domain built-in user accounts) Enable users to perform administrative tasks or gain temporary access to network resources Reside in SAM (local built-in user accounts) Reside in Active Directory (domain built-in user accounts) Built-in User Accounts

23. PPT 8.2.23 User Access issues Domain Logon Domain Logon Access verification Access verification Grant/deny access Grant/deny access

24. PPT 8.2.24 Password Security Do not allow blank passwords Do not allow blank passwords Assign a Password for the Administrator Account Assign a Password for the Administrator Account Determine Who Has Control over Passwords Determine Who Has Control over Passwords Educate Users on How to Use Passwords Educate Users on How to Use Passwords Avoid obvious associations, such as a family name Avoid obvious associations, such as a family name Use long passwords Use long passwords Use a combination of uppercase and lowercase characters Use a combination of uppercase and lowercase characters

25. PPT 8.2.25 Installing network printer Involves Involves Installing the printer Installing the printer Configuring Configuring Sharing Sharing Administering Administering

26. This completes the unit Thank you