1. High Quality Performance Measures What is Performance Measurement? What makes a high quality performance measure? Copyright © 2012 by JBS International, Inc. Developed by JBS International for the Corporation for National & Community Service

2. High Quality Performance Measures Learning Objectives By the end of this module, you will be able to: Describe key performance measurement concepts Identify high quality performance measures Performance measurement helps you: Manage your program Tell your story 2

3. High Quality Performance Measures Review Performance measurement is a systematic process of tracking outputs and outcomes: Outputs Amount of service provided (e.g. people served, products created, or programs developed) through your planned intervention Outcomes Reflect the changes or benefits that occur as the result of the intervention Can reflect changes in individuals, organizations, communities, or the environment Address changes in attitudes/beliefs, knowledge/skills, behavior, or conditions 3

4. High Quality Performance Measures Aligning Theory of Change Elements 4 Performance Measure Intervention Output Outcome Align output and outcome Planning Theory of Change (ToC) Problem/Need Intervention Outcome Align elements within ToC Review for quality outcome

5. High Quality Performance Measures Alignment Alignment: Logical flow and connection between the different elements helps you: Strengthen your theory of change Articulate your performance measures Measure more accurately Clearly report changes 5

6. High Quality Performance Measures Strong alignment among the theory of change elements sets the stage for identifying quality performance measures Community Problem/Need Specific Intervention “cause” Specific Intervention “cause” Intended Outcome “effect” Intended Outcome “effect” Alignment within Theory of Change 6

7. High Quality Performance Measures Theory of Change: Veterans Example 7 Intended Outcome Veterans find or are placed in jobs. Intended Outcome Veterans find or are placed in jobs. Community Problem/Need Young veterans have high rates of unemployment Community Problem/Need Young veterans have high rates of unemployment Specific Intervention Assistance in finding programs and financial aid; tutoring resources and internship placement. Specific Intervention Assistance in finding programs and financial aid; tutoring resources and internship placement.

8. High Quality Performance Measures 8 ACTIVITY 1: Alignment of Intervention & Outcome

9. High Quality Performance Measures 9 Intervention: A National Service program teaches financial literacy - understanding credit scores, completing loan applications - to economically disadvantaged adults. Outcome: Participants increase deposits to savings accounts.  Aligned  Not aligned

10. High Quality Performance Measures 10 Intervention: A National Service health education project teaches nutrition, how and where to shop for healthy foods, how to cook healthy meals, and provides a bag of produce from the community garden once a week. Outcome: Participating families increase healthy food intake.  Aligned  Not aligned

11. High Quality Performance Measures 11 Intervention: National Service participants recruit, train, and support teams of volunteer community leaders who in turn, host neighborhood food drives to support the food bank. Outcome: Increase in pounds of food donated to support the food bank, as a result of community capacity building.  Aligned  Not aligned

12. High Quality Performance Measures Review for Quality Outcomes 12 Performance Measure Intervention Output Outcome Align output and outcome Planning Theory of Change (ToC) Problem/Need Intervention Outcome Align elements within ToC Review for quality outcome

13. High Quality Performance Measures Identifying a High Quality Outcome The Outcome should: Be meaningful Be ambitious yet realistic Reflect the type of change (attitude, knowledge, behavior, or condition) you want to measure 13 AttitudeKnowledge BehaviorCondition

14. High Quality Performance Measures Outcomes Attitude/BeliefKnowledge/SkillBehaviorCondition Thought, feeling Understanding, know-how Action Situation, circumstance 14 Types of Outcomes

15. High Quality Performance Measures Meaningful Outcome 15 Criteria for a meaningful outcome. Consider: Community Need/problem: Is the outcome addressing it? Compelling/powerful. Is the outcome central or peripheral?

16. High Quality Performance Measures Meaningful Outcome 16 Criteria for a meaningful outcome. Consider (continued): Beneficiaries. Is the target audience identified in the outcome? Scope of the outcome. How many will benefit? Magnitude of the outcome. How much change will occur for beneficiaries? Evidence. Is the outcome supported by evidence for the intervention?

17. High Quality Performance Measures Ambitious yet Realistic 17 Is the outcome too modest? Consider: Outcome should reflect an ambitious change expected from the intervention Outcome resulting from full “dosage” of intervention

18. High Quality Performance Measures Ambitious yet Realistic 18 Is the outcome too ambitious? Consider: Program timeframe

19. High Quality Performance Measures Ambitious yet Realistic 19 Is the outcome too ambitious? Consider: Program timeframe Scope of the intervention

20. High Quality Performance Measures Ambitious yet Realistic 20 Is the outcome too ambitious? Consider: Program timeframe Scope of the intervention Severity of the problems being addressed

21. High Quality Performance Measures Ambitious yet Realistic 21 Is the outcome too ambitious? Consider: Program timeframe Scope of the intervention Severity of the problems being addressed Program resources

22. High Quality Performance Measures Activity 2: Outcome Criteria 22

23. High Quality Performance Measures Need: Studies show that people who have not completed high school have very limited employment options. Ten years after leaving school, research indicates that they are more likely to be unemployed and/or living below the poverty line than their peers… Intervention: National Service participants at the Jobs Center work with 100 young people, ages 16-21, who are high school drop outs, to help them achieve education and employment goals. Participants provide small-group study sessions, two-hours daily for 6-weeks, for the General Educational Development Test (GED) preparation. They also assist Jobs Center staff to provide counseling and referrals to employment resources, and limited child care. Outcome: 75 individuals acquire a GED within two months of completing the study sessions. Briefly summarize this program’s theory of change: Given (the need) _________________, the national service participants will (intervention), and then (outcome) will occur. 23

24. High Quality Performance Measures 24 OUTCOME Criteria a) Theory of Change. Is the outcome central to the theory of change?  Does it directly respond to the need/problem in a substantial and meaningful way?  Will it occur as a result of the intervention, according to evidence? b) Accurate and Clear.  Is the outcome going to answer a question about the success of the intervention?  Does the type of outcome match the type of change the intervention addresses (attitude, knowledge, behavior, condition)? c) Ambitious. Ensure that the outcome is not too modest. Is the outcome the most important change that is possible to measure? d) Manageable. Is the outcome something that can be measured? Is it reasonable and realistic? Is it doable considering the following:  The reporting time (achievable in 1 year)?  The severity of the problem?  The scope of the intervention?  Staff time and expertise? Check the outcome against the criteria in the Outcome Checklist below.

25. High Quality Performance Measures Align Output and Outcome 25 Performance Measure Intervention Output Outcome Align output and outcome Planning Theory of Change (ToC) Problem/Need Intervention Outcome Align elements within ToC Review for quality outcome

26. High Quality Performance Measures Alignment of Outputs and Outcomes Intervention produces output Output leads to the outcome Output and outcome measure the same intervention and beneficiaries 26 InterventionOutputOutcome 75100

27. High Quality Performance Measures INTERVENTION: Construction teams assess housing request, plan and execute housing upgrades and repairs and complete inspection requirements for individuals with disabilities. OUTPUT: Individuals with disabilities receive housing service (upgrades and repairs). OUTCOME: Construction team members improve construction skills. Do the intervention and output align? Why or why not? Housing Example: Output- Outcome Alignment

28. High Quality Performance Measures INTERVENTION: Construction teams assess housing request, plan and execute housing upgrades and repairs and complete inspection requirements for individuals with disabilities. OUTPUT: Individuals with disabilities receive housing service (upgrades and repairs). OUTCOME: Construction team members improve construction skills. Do the intervention and output align? Yes  No Why or why not? Logical to assume if well-designed and implemented Housing Example: Output- Outcome Alignment

29. High Quality Performance Measures INTERVENTION: Construction teams assess housing request, plan and execute housing upgrades and repairs, and complete inspection requirements for individuals with disabilities. OUTPUT: Individuals with disabilities receive housing services (upgrades and repairs). OUTCOME: Construction team members improve construction skills. Do the output and outcome align? Why or why not? Housing Example: Output- Outcome Alignment

30. High Quality Performance Measures INTERVENTION: Construction teams assess housing request, plan and execute housing upgrades and repairs and complete inspection requirements for individuals with disabilities. OUTPUT: Individuals with disabilities receive housing service (upgrades and repairs). OUTCOME: Construction team members improve construction skills. Do the output and outcome align?  Yes No Why or why not? 2 different groups of beneficiaries Housing Example: Output- Outcome Alignment

31. High Quality Performance Measures Examples of Aligned Output-Outcome National Performance Measures Focus Area OutputOutcome EducationNumber of children that completed participation in CNCS-supported early childhood education programs. (ED21) Number of children demonstrating gains in school readiness in terms of social and/or emotional development.(ED23)

32. High Quality Performance Measures Examples of Aligned Output-Outcome National Performance Measures Focus Area OutputOutcome Healthy Futures Number of individuals receiving support, services, education and/or referrals to alleviate long-term hunger (H11) Number of individuals that reported increased food security of themselves and their children (household food security) as a result of CNCS-supported services (H12) National performance measures at the Knowledge Network: www.nationalservice.gov/resources/npm/home

33. High Quality Performance Measures 33 ACTIVITY 3: Veterans Today & Tomorrow Application

34. High Quality Performance Measures Summary of Key Points Performance measurement is a systematic process of measuring progress (outputs and outcomes) Performance measurement does not seek to “prove” a theory of change, but can provide snapshots. 34

35. High Quality Performance Measures Summary of Key Points Strong performance measures align with the theory of change (need, intervention and outcome) –The intervention is based on evidence that supports a cause-and-effect relationship between the intervention and an intended outcome. –The theory of change helps identify an appropriate outcome to measure. 35

36. High Quality Performance Measures Summary of Key Points Quality outcomes should: –Be meaningful –Be ambitious yet realistic –Match the type of change you want to see (attitude, knowledge/skills, behavior, condition) Strong performance measures are aligned –Output comes from the intervention –Outcome is likely to result from output –Output and outcome measure the same intervention and beneficiaries 36

37. High Quality Performance Measures Resources Resource: CNCS Priorities and Performance Measures: http://www.nationalservice.gov/resources/npm/home http://www.nationalservice.gov/resources/npm/home Thank you! 37