1. How did the population of New France change under British Rule?
French regime
British rule
1760 – 1867
Contemporary period

2. What was the 7 years war? Which two countries were at war ?
And where was the war fought ?

4. How did the population of New France change under British Rule?
This period is between
French immigration to New France was suspended in 1760.
As many as 2,000 individuals left – many of whom were higher ranking officials.
Migration from the US and Britain changed the societal make-up.

5. What territory did the British conquer ?
Map activity book pg 307

6. How did the demographics change or remain the same ?
The Canadien :While there was a change of control, the high birth rate for the Canadien did not change – ensuring a francophone presence.
Aboriginals : birth rates remained constant.
New Immigrants : they were British Isles inhabitants, and those escaping the American Revolution – Leading to settlement beyond the St. Lawrence Valley.

7. How did the Canadien population keep growing?
Even without immigration from
France, the population quadrupled in
50 years.
Natural growth rate was high despite: war, disease, poor harvests, increased mortality rates.
Average age for first marriages –
22 for women, 27 for men.

8. Why did the Aboriginal population stay the same?
In the first half of British rule, the Aboriginal growth rate was low.
The Conquest War and the American Revolution created a large migration to the Montreal regions, however this group kept moving to other areas.
Some Algonquin/Iroquois settled further north, but pop. stayed roughly the same. Due to famine from overhunting, and forest fires.

9. Home work read pages 48-50
Why were there tensions between the Canadiens and the British minority?
Is it accurate to say that the Canadien were loyal to the British Empire? Explain your answer?

10. Homework Answers
Why were there tensions between the Canadiens and the British minority?
The royal proclamation in 1763 meant the British now had control and this created tensions. There was now a British government in place and the protestant religion which the French were now meant to follow. They also had to renounce their fait if they wanted to hold a high-power position ( administrative).

11. Homework Answers
Is it accurate to say that the Canadien were loyal to the British Empire? Explain your answer?
The Canadien were divided as where to help the thirteen colonies or stay loyal to the British. The Quebec act( which allowed the French to remain catholic) was passed to try and keep the Canadien loyal. However the majority of them stayed neutral, not picking a side.

12. Key words Proclamation of 1763 Loyalist Assimilation Insurgent
Thirteen colonies

13. Canada vs New france New 1763 British Canada New France’ s Canadien
Protestant
Catholic
townships: outside of Seigneurial zone, no dues to pay
Seigneurial system : due to pay to seigneur
They were a minority 2,000 – 8,000
They were the majority ( Est 60,000

14. Where did Anglophones come from and why Canada?
The main cause of migration to the new colony, was dissatisfaction with Britain in the 13 colonies to the south.
There were clashes in the St. Lawrence Valley, and then the American War of Independence in 1776.

15. What is a Loyalist?

16. The Loyalists
Not all those in the colonies were against Britain. Roughly 7,000 – 9,000 Loyalists took refuge in Quebec.
Some settled in cities, close to authorities, but the majority –– settled in rural areas. They included:
Peasant families.
Iroquois who had allied with the British.
Free black slaves.
Newly arrived immigrants who were surprised by the civil war.

17. What did the Loyalists want?
The Loyalist in the Province of Quebec wanted a British style of government.
Other Loyalists who settled west of the Ottawa River wanted a distinct territory.
1791, constitutional act which split the Province of Quebec into two colonies – upper and lower Canada.
Tensions remained as British merchants continued to request Canadiens assimilation.

18. How were the Canadiens treated?
Canadien were the majority, but had to adapt to a new way of life.
The Royal Proclamation of 1763 focused on establishing British political and social structures – was not received well by the Canadiens.
Only those who complied with the Test Act ( renouncing their catholic faith) could hold Admin. Positions.
This Proclamation was relaxed, to help relations between the groups.

19. How did the British governing Canada try to solve the social tensions?
The political situation split the community into two groups – French Party and British Party.
In 1774, there was fear of conflict spilling over from 13 colonies. So the British passed the Quebec Act which gave Francophone Catholics legal and religious concessions in order to garner loyalty.
British merchants were not impressed.

20. Open book quiz :Define our terms
P49-50 What was the
Royal proclamation 1763:
Quebec act 1774:
War of independence 1775 ( insurgents invade Canada):
Constitutional act of 1971:

21. What are their interests?
British administrator (Governor):
British authorities( british government, king)
Rich British merchants:
Habitant canadien:
Prominent Canadiens:
Clergy ( catholic):

22. Open book quiz :Define our terms
What was the
Royal proclamation 1763 : Quebec is given to the british
Quebec act 1774: granted canadiens the right to continue practicing the catholic faith and othe political and religious freedoms.
War of independence 1775 ( insurgents invade Canada): The thirteen colonies wanted to take over parts of Canada to rebel against the British.
Constitutional act of 1791: divided upper canada ( british )and lower canada ( French)

23. What are their interests?
British administrator (Governor): keeping the peace and keeping both groups happy and loyal
British authorities( british government, king): Making sure British interests are protected
Rich British merchants: stay loyal to Britain, assimilate the french and make money
Habitant canadien: protect their language culture and religion
Prominent Canadiens: protect their language, culture, religion and position of power in the community
Clergy ( catholic): to protect the catholic faith and make sure the church is not restricted.

24. Homework Review pages 49-50 and fill in table below
Clergy, British Administrators, British authorities, Habitants Canadiens, Prominent Canadiens, Rich British merchants
Event
Social group in agreement
Neutral social groups
Social groups in disagreement
Royal proclamation 1763
British author
British merchants
british admin
Québec Act 1774
Habitant, prominent,
British authorities
clergy
b merchants
Invasion of the insurgents from the Thirteen Colonies 1775
Rich merchants
habitant
Prominent
Clergy
Constitutional Act 1791
B author
B merchants

25. Question
You are Governor. How do you balance the interests of the British and still maintain social balance with the Canadiens…especially in having to face the impending conflict with the American colonies?
Is it possible to satisfy all groups? If yes, how? If not, which group do you focus on?
Interest Groups: Canadiens (farmers, clergy, aristocrats); British (merchants, king/gov’t, Governor); Loyalist; Governor.

26. Who immigrated to Canada in the early 1800’s
1812, no more immigration from the United States.
New Immigrants came instead from Britain, Scotland and Ireland.
A small percentage of the immigrants were affluent ( had money)
The majority were fleeing difficult living conditions, famine and epidemics ( typhus )

27. Typhus
It first appears with rapid onset as fever and severe headache. Extreme fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and chills frequently appear. After about 4 days, a rash appears. Toxemia appears, circulation becomes sluggish, and gangrene may appear in the extremities and genitals. The victim becomes stupor us. The crisis occurs after 9 to 12 days, and about 1/3 of those infected slip into a coma and die, usually of cardiac failure, frequently with pneumonia as a complication. After 14 days, the fever may disappear and recovery follows

28. Who settled where? Which part is French speaking and which is English speaking?
wha

29. Fewer that 10 % of British Immigrants (English, Scottish, Irish) settled in Lower Canada, the majority settled in upper Canada.
The number of Anglophones increased in upper Canada ( British Canada)
15% of the pop in 1815
24% of the pop in 1861

30. Why did the French emmigrate from Canada?
Between 1840 and ,000 and 35, 000 French Canadians emigrated to the US
Why Leave ? –
Rural areas in Canada became overcrowded
To but and settle new land was now very expensive and hard work.
In the US
there were many jobs and plenty opportunities to make money in the city and country.
Suggestions were made to stop the flow, but nothing was done.