1. CHAPTER 7: THE RENAISSANCE PROJECT By Jeniffer Rivera, Kaelyn Williams and Jessica Kaizerman

2. PART 1: THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE

3. THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE The Italian Renaissance of the city-states brought a rebirth earning and art to Europe. From the years 1350 to 1550 in European history are called Renaissance, because there was a “rebirth” of interest of art and learning.

4.  In the Renaissance, people became more “secular”. Secular means that they were more interested in this world than religion or getting to heaven. THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE

5. There are three reasons of why the Renaissance began in Italy. The first reason is that Italy’s city-states had become really wealthy. The second reason is that Italy had a lot of history about their ancestors (romans). The third reason is that had the money to pay for their workers.

6.  When the Renaissance was beginning the city-states were really powerful, which is why people paid for the art. THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE

7. PART 2: THE RISE OF ITALY'S CITY-STATES

8. THE RISE OF ITALY'S CITY-STATES Since no ruler was strong enough to unite Italy, the country divided by itself. The cities became self dependent and fought with each-other, and stayed. Later every city- state of Italy became really wealth and rich.

9.  Because the city-states were wealth the king from other countries left the city-states alone so they could borrow more money in the future. THE RISE OF ITALY'S CITY-STATES

10. The city-states obtained all their wealth through the business of trading. They also succeed because Italy was located were most of the trade routes were located.

11.  The city-states traded many goods with different nations. The crusades brought Arab merchants with Italian city- states. Later, business for Italian merchants continued to grow. THE RISE OF ITALY'S CITY-STATES

12. PART 3: RENAISSANCE ART

13. RENAISSANCE ART When the medieval artists depicted the birth of Jesus, they wanted to remind Christians about their belief that Jesus was born to save the world. Renaissance artists differentiated their work from medieval artist in many ways.

14.  The artists in the time of the Renaissance also tried to show people emotions, Renaissance painters also used new techniques, the most innovative was perspective. RENAISSANCE ART

15. Perspective is a method that makes a drawing or painting look dimensional. To be able to make their paintings look more realistic, the artists used a technique called Chiaroscuro.

16.  Chiaroscuro softened edges by using light and shadows instead of stiff outlines to separate objects. In Italian chiaro means “clear or light” and oscuro means “dark”. This created more drama or emotion in a painting. RENAISSANCE ART

17. PART 4: BOTTICELLI, RAPHAEL, MICHELANGELO

18. BOTTICELLI, RAPHAEL, MICHELANGELO Sandro Botticelli was born around in 1445, Botticelli became a famous artist in Florence. Botticelli sometimes painted on wet plaster with water called fresco, that in Italian means “fresh”. In 1481 Botticelli painted three frescoes for the pope in the Sistine Chapel.

19.  Raphael Sanzio worked at the same time as Leonardo Da Vinci, but Raphael was much younger. As a young man, Raphael worked with ease and grase and became known as one of Italy’s best painters. BOTTICELLI, RAPHAEL, MICHELANGELO

20. Michelangelo Buonarroti painted, sculpted ad designed buildings. He painted one of the most best-known Renaissance works the celling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome.

21.  Although he painted many outstanding works, Michelangelo was a sculptor at heart. BOTTICELLI, RAPHAEL, MICHELANGELO

22. PART 5: LEONARDO DA VINCI

23. LEONARDO DA VINCI Leonardo Da Vinci was born in April 15, 1452 I Vinci, Italy to a woman named Caterina. Leonardo Da Vinci was a Italian renaissance polymath: painter, sculptor, architect and a lot more. Leonardo was considered to be one of the greatest painters of all times.

24.  Leonardo Da Vinci’s most popular painting is the Monalisa. He was also one of the best Renaissance scientist, inventor and engineer. Most of what we know about Leonardo comes from his notebooks. LEONARDO DA VINCI

25. By the time Leonardo was 15 years old, his father knew his son had an artistic talent. By 1472, Leonardo had became a master in of the painters guild of Florence.

26.  In 1516, Leonardo accepted an invitation to live in in France. The king admired Leonardo and gave him freedom to pursue his interests. LEONARDO DA VINCI

27. PART 6: THE INVENTION OF THE PRINTING PRESS

28. THE INVENTION OF THE PRINTING PRESS The printing press was created in the early 1450s by Johannes Gutenberg. The printing press was the key of humanist ideas throughout Europe.

29.  The printing press used a movable metal that typed. This invention made it possible to print book much more quickly than written the by hand. THE INVENTION OF THE PRINTING PRESS

30. The printing press was a large improvement to Europe. The Chinese people had invented blocks with letters but the Europeans has the whole alphabet.

31.  The first book that Johannes Gutenberg printed was the Bible. The printing press helped Europe to spread many different types of literature. THE INVENTION OF THE PRINTING PRESS

32. PART 7: WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE

33. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE William Shakespeare was in 26 April 1564, he was an famous English poet and writer. He did 28 plays and 154 sonnets. During his career William Shakespeare translated the plays into major languages.

34.  When William was 18, he got married to Anne Hathaway. He also had three children with Anne, named Susann, Harnet, and Judith. Some of Shakespeare and most famous comedies are: a Midsummer Night’s Dream, Twelfth Night, and Much Ado About Nothing. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE

35. These plays and some of his other playwrights, made him well-known in England such as Romeo and Juliet. In 1594 the first William Shakespeare play, Titus Andronicus, was published.

36.  Shakespeare wrote a lot until his death in 1616. Seven years after his death, the first complete collection of his work appeared. This really big book has 35 plays and was so expensive that only rich people could afford that book. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE

37. PART 8: RENAISSANCE SPREADS TO NORTHERN EUROPE

38. RENAISSANCE SPREADS TO NORTHERN EUROPE In the late 1400s, the Renaissance spread to northern Europe. The northern Renaissance refers to the art in places we know today as Belgium, Luxemburg, Germany, and Netherlands.

39.  The northern artists used different art methods than the Italian artist did. One of the methods the Italian artists developed was the oil painting. This was developed in Flanders. This a region that is in northern Belgium today. RENAISSANCE SPREADS TO NORTHERN EUROPE

40. These oil painting let the artists paint very small detail in their drawings. Also the northern artists wanted their works t have a grater realism.

41.  In fact Jan van Eyck was a master of oil painting. He learned how to mix colors and bled them togheter. Some thought the colors in his work sparkled like jewels or stained glass. RENAISSANCE SPREADS TO NORTHERN EUROPE

42. END