1. GROUND-SOURCE HEAT PUMPS AND GEOTHERMAL DIRECT USE Workshop March 22 & 23, 2006 Salt Lake City, UT Utah Geothermal Working Group U.S. DOE GeoPowering the West Sound Geothermal OIT Geo-Heat Center Washington State Univ Energy Prog UU Energy & Geoscience Inst. Utah Geological Survey SEP

2. Ground-Source Heat Pumps (GHP) The shallow Earth maintains a nearly constant temperature between 50° and 60°F (10°–16°C). Like a cave, this ground temperature is warmer than the air above it in the winter and cooler than the air in the summer. GHP systems take advantage of this resource to heat and cool buildings.

3. GHP Systems Three parts: 1. the ground heat exchanger, 2. the heat pump unit, and 3. the air delivery system (ductwork). The heat exchanger is basically a system of pipes called a loop, buried in the shallow ground near the building. A fluid (water/antifreeze) circulates through the pipes to absorb or relinquish heat within the ground, and deliver it to the GHP. Ground-source heat pumps use less energy than conventional heating systems, since they draw heat from the ground. Affordable? Reliable? Convenient? All areas of the United States have nearly constant shallow- ground temperatures, which are suitable for geothermal heat pumps.

4. Galt House East Hotel - Louisville, KY 750,000 sq ft, 1,700 ton GHP

5. Canyon View High School Cedar City, Utah GeoExchange System: vertical closed loop 300 boreholes @ 300’ deep 233,199 ft 2 550 tons (1,953 kW)

6. Geothermal Direct-Use Geothermal direct use dates back thousands of years, when people began using hot springs for bathing, cooking food, and loosening feathers and skin from game. Today, hot springs are still used as spas. But there are now more sophisticated ways of using this geothermal resource.

7. Direct-Use Geothermal System 1.A production facility — normally a well—to bring the heated water to the surface. 2.A mechanical system—piping, heat exchanger, controls—to deliver the heat to the space or process. 3.A disposal system—injection well or storage pond—to receive the cooled geothermal fluid.

8. Ada County Courthouse, Boise, Idaho

9. Milgro Nurseries Milgro Nurseries, Newcastle, Utah Geothermal Space Heating

10. Geothermal Aquaculture Fish Ladder near Twin Falls, Idaho

11. Empire Energy Onion Processing Empire, NV

12. The Homestead Crater 60 ft Dive Pool

13. Compiled by Robert E. Blackett and Sharon Wakefield Utah Geological Survey 2004 Open-File Report 431 Compact Disk GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES OF UTAH - 2004

14. Geology of Geothermal Resource Areas in Utah Thermal Spring and Well Database (~ 1,100) Thermal Gradient Boreholes Database (~ 980) Annotated Geothermal Bibliography GIS Layers - Resource, Land Ownership, Geology, Roads, Power Grid, or For more information go to: http://www.geology.utah.gov/geothermal/ UGS OFR-431

15. For more information about geothermal resources in general: Geothermal Resources Council P.O. Box 1350, Davis, CA 95617 | Tel (530) 758-2360 Fax (530) 758-2839 http://www.geothermal.org/