1. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Chapter 1 Why Study Money, Banking, and Financial Markets?

2. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 1-2 Why Study Money, Banking, and Financial Markets To examine how financial markets such as bond and stock markets work To examine how banks, other financial institutions and financial regulation work To examine the role of monetary policy in the economy

3. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 1-3 Financial Markets Markets in which funds are transferred from people who have an excess of available funds to people who have a shortage of funds

4. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 1-4 The Bond Market and Interest Rates A security (financial instrument) is a claim on the issuer’s future income or assets A bond is a debt security that promises to make payments periodically for a specified period of time (that is, IOU) An interest rate is the cost of borrowing or the price paid for the rental of funds

5. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 1-5 FIGURE 1 Interest Rates on Selected Bonds, 1950–2008 Sources: Federal Reserve Bulletin; www.federalreserve.gov/releases/H15/data.htm.

6. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 1-6 The Stock Market Common stock represents a share of ownership in a corporation (IOBU) A share of stock is a claim on the earnings and assets of the corporation Common stock holders are residual claimants.

7. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 1-7 FIGURE 2 Stock Prices as Measured by the Dow Jones Industrial Average, 1950–2008 Source: Dow Jones Indexes: http://finance.yahoo.com/?u.

8. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 1-8 Financial Institutions and Banking Financial Intermediaries: institutions that borrow funds from people who have saved and make loans to other people: –Banks: accept deposits and make loans –Other Financial Institutions: insurance companies, finance companies, pension funds, mutual funds and investment banks

9. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 1-9 Financial Crises Financial crises are major disruptions in financial markets that are characterized by sharp declines in asset prices and the failures of many financial and nonfinancial firms. Severe financial crises typically spill over into the real economy.