1. Mobility Management, Privacy, and other Issues in Vehicular Networking Sandra L. Céspedes Broadband Communications Research Group (BBCR) University of Waterloo MOBOPTS RG – 81 st IETF meeting, Québec, Canada

2. Outline Introduction to Vehicular networking Mobility management – Interworking HIP-PMIPv6 scheme – Multi-hop PMIPv6 Related work: – Privacy – Applications – Traffic and mobility Current work and open issues 2

3. Vehicular networking Different types of communications: – Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) – Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) – Hybrid Different types of services: – Safety and emergency communications – Traffic monitoring and management – Information and entertainment applications Different types of access technologies – 802.11p/WAVE –3G/4G/LTE –WiFi… 3

4. Vehicular networking Unique characteristics: – Restricted Mobility – Availability of location information – No strict energy consumption constraints – Mixed types of communications: infrastructure-based, mobile hot-spots, and ad-hoc Some research challenges – Frequent link disconnection – Highly dynamic spacial-temporal traffic conditions – Heterogeneity of data dissemination – Efficient and adaptive IP support and IP mobility – Anonymity and location privacy H.T. Cheng, H. Shan, and W. Zhuang, “Infotainment and road safety service support in vehicular networking: From a communication perspective,” Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 25, Aug. 2010, pp. 2020-2038. 4

5. Mobility Management Previous research 1.Evaluation of NEMO RO solutions for vehicular communications networks [1] 2.Interworking HIP-PMIPv6 scheme for IP mobility in urban vehicular scenarios [2] Mobile networks (vehicles, buses, trains) No mobility-enabled nodes (devices with traditional TCP/IP stack) Mobility-enabled nodes (HIP-enabled mobile phones, laptops, hand held devices) Mobile networks (vehicles, buses, trains) No mobility-enabled nodes (devices with traditional TCP/IP stack) Mobility-enabled nodes (HIP-enabled mobile phones, laptops, hand held devices) [1] S. Céspedes, X. (Sherman) Shen, C. Lazo. "IP Mobility Management for Vehicular Communication Networks: Challenges and Solutions", in IEEE Communications Magazine. May 2011 [2] S. Céspedes, X. (Sherman) Shen. “An Efficient Hybrid HIP-PMIPv6 Scheme for Seamless Internet Access in Urban Vehicular Scenarios", in Proc. GLOBECOM. 2010. 5

6. Mobility Management Intra-domain handover for HIP-enabled nodes Inter-domain handover for HIP-enabled nodes 6

7. Mobility Management Analytical evaluation Mobile network analysis Analysis of signalling cost per vehicle: Localization updates and Packet delivery Fluid Flow Model Comparison to NEMO BS. Mobile node analysis Analysis per node (legacy & HIP-enabled): Handover delay and expected number of packets dropped Delay analysis during handover process Comparison to NEMO, MIP, HIP and Novackzi 7

8. Mobility Management Intra-domain handover Inter-domain handover Signalling and packet delivery cost 8

9. Mobility Management 3. Multi-hop PMIPv6 for vehicular scenarios Extension of RSU area of coverage Enabling IP mobility over mesh- under routed networks Extension of RSU area of coverage Enabling IP mobility over mesh- under routed networks [3] M. Asefi, S. Céspedes, X. (Sherman) Shen., J. Mark. "A Seamless Quality-Driven Multi-Hop Data Delivery Scheme for Video Streaming in Urban VANET Scenarios", in Proc. IEEE ICC 2011. Kyoto, Japan. [4] S. Céspedes, X. (Sherman) Shen. “A Framework for Ubiquitous IP Communications in Vehicle to Grid Networks”, workshop UbicoNet, Globecom 2011, Submitted. 9

10. Mobility Management Inter-PAN handover Performance evaluation 10

11. Related work in Vehicular Networking Privacy and security – S. Taha, and X. Shen, "Anonymous Home Binding Update scheme for Mobile IPv6 Wireless Networking", Proc. IEEE Globecom'11, Houston, Texas, USA, Dec. 5-9, 2011. – R. Lu, X. Lin, T. H. Luan, X. Liang, and X. Shen, "Pseudonym Changing at Social Spots: An Effective Strategy for Location Privacy in VANETs", IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, to appear. Application – T.H. Luan, L.X. Cai, J. Chen, X. Shen, and F. Bai, "VTube: Towards the Media Rich City Life with Autonomous Vehicular Content Distribution", Proc. IEEE SECON'11, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, June 27-30, 2011. –. Bi, L. X. Cai, X. Shen, and H. Zhao, "Efficient and Reliable Broadcast in Inter-Vehicle Communications Networks: A Cross Layer Approach", IEEE Trans. on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 59, No. 5, pp. 2404-2417, 2010. Traffic and mobility – K. Ota, M. Dong, H. Zhu, S. Chang, and X. Shen, "Traffic Information Prediction in Urban Vehicular Networks: A Correlation Based Approach", Proc. IEEE WCNC'11, Cancun, Quintana-Roo, Mexico, March 28-31, 2011. – W. Alasmary and W. Zhuang, "Mobility impact in IEEE 802.11p infrastructureless vehicular networks ad hoc networks," Ad Hoc Networks, to appear. 11

12. Current Work and Open issues Analysis of relay-based communication over 802.11p/WAVE Feasibility of IP communications over “constrained” vehicular networks General Open Issues Balancing between high-priority safety info and user demands for infotainment applications Merging of dedicated VANET technologies (e.g., 801.11p) and other RAN (e.g., LTE, WiMAX) Optimization of system performance of VANETs using traffic-flow approaches 12

13. More open issues – IP addressing allocation scheme – IP mobility protocols interworking with privacy preserving schemes – IP protocols performance under non-bidirectional conditions – Route optimization for IP mobility 13

14. Thanks Contact: slcesped@uwaterloo.ca MOBOPTS RG – 81 st IETF meeting, Québec, Canada