1. The impacts of students on Urban Areas Mark Livingston, Moira Munro, Ivan Turok Glasgow University

2. Students in Cities: Context Transient: Transient: Distinctive Distinctive Numerically significant Numerically significant Census, 2001: Over 3% of pop. Census, 2001: Over 3% of pop. Policy towards continuing growth Policy towards continuing growth Financial support for students reduced Financial support for students reduced

3. Growth within cities

4. Research questions Students as residents: Students as residents: Lively, buzzy quarters Lively, buzzy quarters Degraded, deteriorated neighbourhoods Degraded, deteriorated neighbourhoods Students as workers: Students as workers: Enhancing city competitiveness, productivity Enhancing city competitiveness, productivity Displacing local jobs. Displacing local jobs.

5. Studentification:Cardiff.

6. Research questions Students as residents: Students as residents: Lively, buzzy quarters Lively, buzzy quarters Degraded, deteriorated neighbourhoods Degraded, deteriorated neighbourhoods Students as workers: Students as workers: Enhancing city competitiveness, productivity Enhancing city competitiveness, productivity Displacing local jobs. Displacing local jobs.

7. Student cities?

8. Student neighbourhoods? More students create more concentrated neighbourhoods. More students create more concentrated neighbourhoods. Students are strongly residentially segregated: Students are strongly residentially segregated: Index of dissimilarity: Index of dissimilarity: D= ∑ n i=1 t i | p i -P| 2TP(1-P)

9. Segregation:

10. More students, greater segregation

12. Atrium

14. Rapid Residential Turnover Unstable, lack of cohesion etc.

15. Student as workers. Patterns of work vary: Patterns of work vary: Increasing term time working (40%) Increasing term time working (40%) Long hours: Long hours: 20% < 10hrs 20% < 10hrs 25% 10-15 hrs 25% 10-15 hrs 1/3 20hrs+ 1/3 20hrs+ Concentrated: Concentrated: Entry level positions Entry level positions 38% retail; 18% hotels and catering 38% retail; 18% hotels and catering Bring advantages to employers. Bring advantages to employers. Flexibility Flexibility Personal qualities. Personal qualities.

16. Impacts on urban labour markets

17. Student employment by PUA employment rate

18. Displacement effects?

19. Conclusions: Students significant as residents. Students significant as residents. Students seem to be able to get jobs when they want Students seem to be able to get jobs when they want But probably easier in buoyant labour markets But probably easier in buoyant labour markets No evidence of displacement at aggregate level No evidence of displacement at aggregate level But tight concentration But tight concentration Enable changing working practices? Enable changing working practices?