3. US Government
Not good to be a King

4. “If men were angels no government would be necessary” -James Madison Federalist 51

5. What is Government
The institution through which society makes and enforces public policies.
Politics is the process
Policies are Laws (what the government decides to do)

6. Government Legislative Power Executive Power Judicial Power
Make the Laws
Enforces the Laws
Interpret the Laws, and settle disputes

7. How they wield Power Leader Decides Authoritarian Dictatorship
Democracy
Leader Decides
Authoritarian Dictatorship
Totalitarian Dictatorship
Devine Right
Above the People
Will of the people decide
Direct Democracy
Indirect Democracy
Republic
What do we have
Chap 1.2
How they wield Power

8. Dictatorships Most common form of government in History
Autocracy, 1 person holds power (North Korea)
Oligarchy, small group holds power (Iran)
All Dictatorships are authoritain, moving to totatarian
Monarchy

9. The State
The state can be defined as a body of people, living in a defined territory, organized politically (that is, with a government) and with the power to make and enforce law without the consent of any higher authority.
More than 190 states in the world today.

10. What it needs to be a State
Population- People, does not need to be homogeneous
Territory- Area in which to rule
Government- A way to make laws
Sovereignty- Nothing above it
State, Soverignen Nation
Nation, group of people, like Erie Indian nation
Country, geographic area
Is Indiana A state

11. How states developed Force Theory Evolutionary Theory
Family to Tribe to Nation to State
Divine Right Theory
God said so
Social Contract
Newest theory

12. Distribution of Power Unitary Government (UK, China, N Korea)
All power in central government
Federal Government (USA, Mexico)
Power Split Central and Local Government
Cannot change without consent of both
Confederate Government (EU, NAFTA)
All power in local governments
Untary, most common, not all dictatorship,
Federal, US and 13 orther nations Iraq might end up as one
No confed today, but we had 2

13. Quick Difference Presidential Government Parliamentary Government
2 separate offices
People vote for both
Parliamentary Government
People vote for party in Legislative
They select Prime Minister
In book, or put on board

14. Our Political History Our system is based of Rome, Greece and England
Most of our offices are based off English towns
Idea of Limited Government
Magna Carta
Bill of Rights
Chap 2 Section 1
Do Internet scaffold.
Read rest

15. Basic Concepts of Democracy

16. Activity
Make a list of what you consider to be the basic rights of individuals.
Include a minimum of five (5) basic rights on your list

17. Read pg. 20-22 about individuals and rights.
Revise your list, compare and contrast lists within your group.
Come up with one list of 5, ranking from most important to least important.
After you have your list discuss what factors limit individual rights, and jot a few ideas down about that

18. speech
Taxes
Control over what punishment
5th amendment
Military draft at 21
2nd amendment
Religion
Driving
Legal dating age
Assembly
Happiness

19. The American concept of democracy rests on these basic notions:
A recognition of the fundamental worth and dignity of every person
A respect for the equality of all persons
A faith in majority rule and an insistence upon minority rights

20. The American concept of democracy rests on these basic notions:
An acceptance of the necessity of compromise
An insistence upon the widest
possible degree of individual
freedom.

21. Democracy and the Free Enterprise System
Economic system characterized by the private ownership of capital goods.
Investments made by private decisions
Success or failure determined by competition in the market
There is government
involvement
We have mixed economy

22. Origins of American Government
Our political system comes from a combination of past governments.
England, Rome, Greece, ancient Asia and Africa
Hammurabi’s Code

23. Basic Concepts of Government
Ordered Government
Limited Government
Representative Government
Pg. 29 Volunteers

24. Landmark English Documents
The Magna Carta
People forced King John to sign in 1215
Included trial by jury and due process of law, protection against the arbitrary taking of life liberty, or property. wave/magna_carta_broadband.htm

25. The English Bill of Rights
1688 in Glorious Revolution of William and Mary of Orange
No standing army in peacetime
Free elections
No cruel and unusual punishment

26. The English Colonies Royal Colonies: Proprietary Colonies:
New Hampshire, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia
Proprietary Colonies:
Maryland, Pennsylvania, Delaware
The Charter Colonies:
Connecticut and Rhode Island

27. The Coming of Independence

28. Growing Colonial Unity
New England Confederation: 1643
Inter-colonial cooperation in trade, defense, and criminal matters.
The Albany Plan: 1754
Ben Franklin, congress of delegates
Raise military and navy, make war, trade, tax, collect customs duties.
Denied by colonies and England

29. Growing Colonial Unity
The Stamp Act Congress: 1765
“Taxation without representation.”
First time opposing British government

30. March 5th, 1770
What event is this?

31. December 16th, 1773
What event is this?

32. First and Second Continental Congress
First Continental Congress: 1774
Ordered boycott of British goods following the Intolerable Acts.
Also called for meeting the following May, the Second Continental Congress.
Second Continental Congress: 1775
Continental army formed, George Washington its leader.
Served as first national government until 1781
Articles of Confederation

33. Declaration of Independence
Mostly written by Thomas Jefferson
Finished July 2nd, 1776, but not officially signed until July 4th.
Made the United States official nation.

34. “We must all hang together,
…or assuredly we shall all hang separately.”
Ben Franklin

35. State Constitutions Common Features Popular Sovereignty
Government can exist only with the consent of the governed
Limited government
Civil Rights and Liberties
Separation of Powers
Checks and Balances
Massachusetts Constitution 1780 is the oldest of the present-day State constitutions.
Voting to males only, strict rules including property owning.

36. Quiz Extra Credit
In what city and state was first meeting to fix the Articles of Confederation?
Annapolis, Maryland

37. Flag Burning

38. Flag Saving

39. Where do you stand? Chose a spot in the classroom based on if you
Strongly Agree
Agree
Undecided
Disagree
Or Strongly Disagree
That flag burning should be a Constitutional right.

40. The Critical Period
Chapter 2 Section 3

41. Articles of Confederation
“a firm league of friendship” among the states.
11 states immediately ratify
Delaware February 1779
Maryland March 1781

42. Government Structure Very Simple Congress was the sole body created
Unicameral – delegates chosen yearly by states.
One vote per state
NO EXECUTIVE OR JUDICIAL

43. Powers of Congress Make war and peace Send/receive ambassadors
Make treaties
Borrow money
Set up money system
Establish post offices
Build navy
Raise an army
Settle disputes amongst states

44. Weaknesses No power to tax No regulation of trade No power to enforce
Changes required all 13 states approval

45. The Critical Period States fighting amongst each other
Taxing goods in trade, no unity
Shay’s Rebellion (Daniel Shays)
Farmers and small land owners in debt

46. A Need for Stronger Government
Starts with meeting between Maryland and Virginia
Annapolis in 1786, only 5 states show
Call for another meeting following May
Congress asks for delegates to “fix” Articles

47. Creating the Constitution
Chapter 2 Section 4

48. The Framers
These are the men who created the Constitution in Philadelphia
55 men at meeting, 39 served in Congress
8 had signed Declaration of Independence
Mostly a younger generation of politicians
Ben Franklin, 81 was oldest

49. Working in Secrecy Met from May 25th – September 17th
89 working days out of 116
James Madison contributed Most
Hence “Father of the Constitution”

50. The Two Plans Virginia Plan- May 29th
Legitimacy derived from citizens, based on popular representation
Bicameral legislature
Executive size undetermined, elected and removable by Congress
Judicial life-tenure, able to veto state legislation
Ratification by citizens

52. The Two Plans New Jersey Plan- June 15th
Derived from states, based on equal votes per state
Unicameral legislature
Executive more than one person, removable by state majority
No power over states
Government can compel obedience to national laws
Ratification by states

54. Connecticut Compromise
Bicameralism
One house based on population
One based on equal representation for every state

55. Other Compromises Three-Fifths Compromise
Accounted for taxation and representation
Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise
Congress cannot tax exports from states (tobacco)
Also cannot act on slave trade for at least 20 years.

56. Sources of the Constitution
Page 55 of your textbook

59. John Locke

60. Ratifying the Constitution
Chapter 2 Section 5

61. The Fight for Ratification
9 out of 13 states would be required
Fight between Federalists and Anti- Federalists (it got ugly)

62. Fight to Ratify Against Constitution Favored Constitution
Federalist
Anti-federalist
Against Constitution
Strong States
Main problem, no bill of rights
Ability to print money (debts)
Favored Constitution
Strong Central Government
Have read 10 and 51

63. Ratification Lasts from December 7th, 1787 (Delaware)
until May 29th, 1790 (Rhode Island)
New York and Virginia were the big hurdles, even though they had already received ratification in 9 states at that point.

64. New Government September 13th, 1788 Temporary capital New York
11 of 13 states ratified
Temporary capital New York
George Washington elected President in April, 1789
John Adams Vice- President