1. 3G Networks IS 373 James Grate 1

2. Cellular Standards “Generations” “Generations” EarlyEarly 1G – analog, for voice only 1G – analog, for voice only 2G – digital, for voice 2G – digital, for voice Converts analog into digital before modulating and transmittingConverts analog into digital before modulating and transmitting Most cellular providers currently use this technologyMost cellular providers currently use this technology NowNow Change in the needs of communication Change in the needs of communication 2

3. Evolution from 2G to 3G GPRS GPRS Best-effort packet switched service used for data transfer.Best-effort packet switched service used for data transfer. Provides data rates from 56 kbps up to 114 kbps.Provides data rates from 56 kbps up to 114 kbps. EDGE EDGE Evolved from GPRS.Evolved from GPRS. Can be used for packet switched applications.Can be used for packet switched applications. 3

4. Introduction of 3G Created by NTT docomo. Created by NTT docomo. Commercially launch on Oct 1, 2001 in Japan. Commercially launch on Oct 1, 2001 in Japan. Commercially released by major US service provider Verizon Wireless in Oct 2003. Commercially released by major US service provider Verizon Wireless in Oct 2003. Based on ITU standards, primarily IMT-2000. Based on ITU standards, primarily IMT-2000. 4

5. 3G Improvements Basic telephone with data communication Basic telephone with data communication Higher speeds Higher speeds 144kbps to 348 kbps at driving speeds144kbps to 348 kbps at driving speeds 384 kbps outside when still or slow384 kbps outside when still or slow 2Mbps to 14.4Mbps while or inside2Mbps to 14.4Mbps while or inside 5

6. 3G Standards 6 Air/Radio Interfaces 6 Air/Radio Interfaces W-CDMAW-CDMA CDMA 2000CDMA 2000 TD-CDMA/TD-SCDMATD-CDMA/TD-SCDMA EDGEEDGE DECTDECT WiMaxWiMax 6

7. Composition of 3G Networks Layered Network Layered Network Top: Service LayerTop: Service Layer Middle: Control LayerMiddle: Control Layer Bottom: Connectivity LayerBottom: Connectivity Layer 7

8. Privacy and Security User Authentication User Authentication Network Authentication Network Authentication Device Authentication Device Authentication Data Monitoring Data Monitoring End to End End to End

9. Reliability and Robustness Cost of Service & Phones. Cost of Service & Phones. Different Service Standards and Costs. Different Service Standards and Costs. Cost vs. Revenue. Cost vs. Revenue. Lack of Mobile Users. Lack of Mobile Users. International Obstacles. International Obstacles. 9

10. Interoperability and Support 3G Enabled Devices 3G Enabled Devices 3G Networks 3G Networks The Standard (IMT-2000) The Standard (IMT-2000) ITU and Member Support ITU and Member Support National MembersNational Members ITUITU CarriersCarriers

11. Maintainability and Ease of Use 3G Enabled Devices 3G Enabled Devices 3G Networks 3G Networks The Standard (IMT-2000) The Standard (IMT-2000)

12. 4G Technology that allows you to connect anywhere Technology that allows you to connect anywhere Automatic access technology switches while maintaining TCP connections Automatic access technology switches while maintaining TCP connections System support for voice and video over IP System support for voice and video over IP 12

13. 4G Possibilities Competitors for 4G Long-Term Evolution (LTE) Long-Term Evolution (LTE) 4G path for Wideband Code Division Multiple Access/Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (W-CDMA/UMTS)4G path for Wideband Code Division Multiple Access/Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (W-CDMA/UMTS) Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) 4G path for CDMA2000 operators4G path for CDMA2000 operators IEEE 802.16m IEEE 802.16m WiMaxWiMax All based on… OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) designed for 100+Mbps in wide-area mobile apps 13

14. Progressing to 4G HSDPA/HSUPA HSDPA/HSUPA High-Speed Downlink and Uplink Packet AccessHigh-Speed Downlink and Uplink Packet Access “3.5G” – considered so because of high speeds“3.5G” – considered so because of high speeds WiMax WiMax Some say this can also be 4G (Sprint)Some say this can also be 4G (Sprint) With OFDMA, this is faster than other ways of connecting in 3GWith OFDMA, this is faster than other ways of connecting in 3G 14

15. 4G Requirements High Quality of Service (QoS) High Quality of Service (QoS) Video and other services require thisVideo and other services require this IP/MPLS can be used to guarantee thisIP/MPLS can be used to guarantee this Spectrum Spectrum 4G requires 20MHz or more in a swath of spectrum4G requires 20MHz or more in a swath of spectrum Limited, mobile communications already have allocated spectrum!Limited, mobile communications already have allocated spectrum! 15

16. 4G Spectrum 700 Mhz band 700 Mhz band BenefitBenefit 60% fewer cell sites 60% fewer cell sites DownsideDownside More customers = More $ More customers = More $ New frequency? New handsets/devices! New frequency? New handsets/devices! US Federal Communications CommissionUS Federal Communications Commission Part of the band has been set aside for public safety priority access Part of the band has been set aside for public safety priority access 16

17. 4G Implementation New, all-IP network New, all-IP network LTE LTE MIMO- Multiple Input Multiple OutputMIMO- Multiple Input Multiple Output Higher data rates with multiple antennas Higher data rates with multiple antennas More reliability More reliability CDMA supporters (Verizon) may switch CDMA supporters (Verizon) may switch Pseudo wires Pseudo wires 60% less expensive then TDM or ATM per bit60% less expensive then TDM or ATM per bit 17

18. 4G Conclusion Until 4G is officially defined, the idea behind it is to predict what end users want Until 4G is officially defined, the idea behind it is to predict what end users want Knowing that, networks need to be able to deliver the desired services in high quality.Knowing that, networks need to be able to deliver the desired services in high quality. 18

19. References Kurose, James F. and Keith W. Ross. Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach Featuring the Internet. 3 rd ed. New York: Pearson Education, 2005. Kurose, James F. and Keith W. Ross. Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach Featuring the Internet. 3 rd ed. New York: Pearson Education, 2005. Luna, Lynnette. "The Long Road to 4G." Telephony (11 Dec. 2007): 12-18. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Van Houten Library, Newark, NJ. 3 May 2009. Luna, Lynnette. "The Long Road to 4G." Telephony (11 Dec. 2007): 12-18. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Van Houten Library, Newark, NJ. 3 May 2009. THRYFT, ANN. "3G WIRELESS DATA: about to break?." EDN 53.23 (13 Nov. 2008): 40-48. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Van Houten Library, Newark, NJ. 3 May 2009. THRYFT, ANN. "3G WIRELESS DATA: about to break?." EDN 53.23 (13 Nov. 2008): 40-48. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Van Houten Library, Newark, NJ. 3 May 2009. Kaplan, Peter. “Verizon and AT&T dominate airwaves auction.” Reuters. 20 March 2008. 3 May 2009 Kaplan, Peter. “Verizon and AT&T dominate airwaves auction.” Reuters. 20 March 2008. 3 May 2009 19

20. Questions? 20