1. Wind Energy System By: Andy Brown, Basheer Qattum & Ali Gokal Advisors: Dr. Na & Dr. Huggins

2. Outline Introduction Hardware Software Results Future Steps

3. History of Wind Energy Utilization

4. ADVANTAGES OF WIND POWER Wind is free and with modern technology it can be captured efficiently Wind does not cause green house gases or other pollutants Although wind turbines can be very tall each takes up only a small plot of land Excellent source for remote areas not connected to a grid Wind turbines have a role to play in both the developed and third world Available in a range of sizes meaning a vast range of people and businesses can use them Environmentally Friendly Economically Competitive

5. Goals Output maximum power despite fluctuating wind conditions. Utilize power electronics to perform conversions Successfully implement a DSP board to have a greater degree of control over our system to harness optimal energy To create a system that is applicable with real world industry

6. Functional Requirements (Hardware) Shall be able to produce.75 kilowatt but not more then 5 kilowatts Shall be able to convert wind power to single phase AC power Must be able to maximize wind power conversion

7. Wind-Electric Systems Induction Generators, Directly Connected to the Grid Doubly-Fed, Wound Rotor Induction Generators Power Electronics Connected Generator

8. Top Level Diagram

9. Functional Description Sub Systems Generator Diode Rectifier Boost Converters Inverter

10. Brushless DC Motor Due to complications with size and Lab requirements, PMSG still. Max Current5.4 A Max Speed3600RPM Max Voltage 160 V Max Power 750W

11. Brushless DC Motor FrequencyRPM3-phase-to-neutral 51502.4 2060019.5 40120040.5 60180061 80240082 100300087 1203600104 ɳ =(120*f)/(poles)

12. Brushless DC Motor

13. Three-Phase Diode Rectifier Max Peak Voltage1600V Max Peak Current 300A Max Current25A Max Voltage600V Output of DC generator after 3phase diode rectifier w/1.5mF Cap V = I*R Vo=(1.35Vin – V Diode ) P = I*V ɳ =(120*f)/(poles) Value of capacitor to ensure clear signal C=(Vp/2*f*Vr) =534μF Therefore we used 1.5mF

14. Three-Phase Diode Rectifier V INRMS VOUT SIMULATION VOUT THEORICIAL PERCENT ERROR 1014.113.54.44 2028.5275.56 4056.5544.63 6084.5874.2 801131084.07 120169.51624.63 Vin = 64.0 V Vo = 84.0 V Io = 961 mA Speed = 3000 RPM R = 88Ω P = 80.72W

15. Three-Phase Diode Rectifier Output of DC generator after 3phase diode rectifier w/o Cap Vo = 85.0 V Io = 964 mA Speed = 3000 RPM Current DC Voltage

16. Three-Phase Diode Rectifier Output of DC generator after 3phase diode rectifier w/1.5mF Cap Vin = 64.0 V Vo = 84.0 V Io = 961 mA Speed = 3000 RPM DC Voltage 3φ Voltage

17. Interleaved Boost Converter

19. Boost Converter V InputDuty-CycleFreqVout-expVout-actual 520%300006.257.5 540%300008.339.01 560%3000012.5 580%3000025.024.25 Vo=Vin/(1-D), or for more accurate values, Vo= {[(V In -V IGBT* D)/(1-D)] – V Diode } IGBT: Switching Freq up to 300kHz Max voltage at 600V Max current at 60A

20. Boost Converter

22. Most time consuming part of Boost converter Gate Driver

23. Gate to emitter (pulse) ±30V Gate to emitter (cont) ±20V Max Gate Current ±250uA Gate driver output+18V 120/14 V AC-RMS  17.89V DC Output up too 600V Current up to 2A Shutdown mode for protection

24. Gate Driver

25. Software

26. Functional Description

27. DSP Board - TI TMS320F2812 PWM Generation 16-Bit 16 PWM outputs 0 V – 3.3 V ADC 12-Bit Analog Input: 0 V - 3 V

28. Controller Implementation Process SIMULINK CODE COMPOSER DSP

29. Testing Circuit Single Channel Boost Converter

30. Simulation Open-Loop Controller

31. Testing Circuit Open Loop Controller

32. Testing Hardware Output Results

33. Testing Hardware Output Duty Cycle: 20% Input Voltage: 5.00 V Output Voltage: 6.00 V

34. Voltage Controller Simulation

35. Voltage Controller

36. Voltage Controller Output

37. Voltage-Current Controller Simulation

38. Voltage-Current Controller

39. Boost Converter Controller VS. Interleaved Boost Controller

40. Interleaved Boost Converter Open-Loop Controller

42. Interleaved Boost Converter Open-Loop Controller Output

43. Single Phase Inverter Controller Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation

44. Unipolar PWM Vout = VdWhen T1,T4 is ON Vout=-VdWhen T2,T3 is ON Vout=0When T1,T3 or T2,T4 is ON

45. Unipolar PWM

46. LC Filter Magnitude Bode Plot for Second-Order LC Filter

47. LC Filter Chose L =.125mH Yields C = 240uF

48. Inverter Controller Simulation

50. Interver Unipolar PWM Controller

51. Inverter SPWM - Output

52. Future Work - Controller Closed-Loop Voltage and Current Controller for Two- Channel Interleaved Boost Converter Maximum Power Point Tracking Controller Single-Phase Inverter Controller with Unity Power Factor Correction

53. Interleaved Boost Converter Voltage-Current Controller Same Controller as designed Need to output two PWM signal The second PWM signal has to been delayed by half the period

54. Interleaved Boost Converter Simulation

55. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)

56. MPPT Perturbation and Observation Method (P&O) MPPT algorithm adjusts duty cycle to achieve

57. MPPT – System Diagram

58. MPPT - Flowchart

59. MPPT Current Controller Design

60. Single-Phase Inverter Controller with Unity Power Factor Correction System Diagram