1. Lecture 3 Cultivation plants in Ukraine Authors as.- prof. Kernychna I.Z.

2. Cultivated plant taxonomy is the study of the theory and practice of the science that identifies, describes, classifies, and names cultigens—those plants whose origin or selection is primarily due to intentional human activity. Cultivated plant taxonomists do, however, work with all kinds of plants in cultivation.

3. RESEARCH PLOT IN “CHERVONA KALUNA”

4. Linen family (Linaceae) Flax (Linum usitatissimum) is annual grassy plant with the simple lanceolate leaves located by turns. Flowers are actinomorphic, bisexual, with a blue 5-membership chaplet. A fruit is a small сapsule with brilliant brown seed which accumulate butters and mucus. Active ingredients: mucilage. Uses: seed as protectivum,emollins and laxans means.

5. Marsh-mallow is a species indigenous to Africa, which is used as a medical plant and ornamental plant. The leaves, flowers and the root have medicinal properties.

6. It is deciduous shrub with simple pinnate leaves. The flowers are borne in corymbs; each flower is white with five petals. The fruit is a small nigra pome Uses: The fruit – hypotension, antisclerotic, vitamin means deciduous shrubflowerscorymbsfruit pomedeciduous shrubflowerscorymbsfruit pome Black chokeberry (ARONIA – Aronia melanocarpa

7. Valeriana officinalis It is a grassy perennial with vertical rhizomes, additional roots and specific smell. Active ingredients: rhizome and root contain essential oil, organic acids. USES: root and rhizome as a sedative means, spasmolyticum mean.

8. Liqurice or sweet root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) Liqurice or sweet root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) is a grassy perennial with pinnately compound leaves, covered by grandular hairs. Has the well developed rhizome and roots. Flowers are violet, collected in raceme. The fruit is an oblong pod, 2–3 centimetres (about 1 inch) long, containing several seeds fruit pod seedsfruit pod seeds Active ingredients: root and rhizome contain flavonoid, saponine. flavonoid USES: root and rhizome as a expectorans, spasmolyticum mean.

9. Datúra stramónium - THORNAPPLE Datura has long been used as an extremely effective treatment for asthma symptoms. The active anti-asthmatic agent is atropine, which causes paralysis of the pulmonary branches of the lungs, eliminating the spasms that cause the asthma attacks. Datura has long been used as an extremely effective treatment for asthma symptoms. The active anti-asthmatic agent is atropine, which causes paralysis of the pulmonary branches of the lungs, eliminating the spasms that cause the asthma attacks.asthmaatropinelungsasthmaatropinelungs Uses: herbs and leaves. Uses: herbs and leaves.

10. Viburnum opulus – Snowball tree deciduous shrub and s an ornamental plant growing to 4–5 m tall. The leaves are opposite, three-lobed. deciduous shrub and s an ornamental plant growing to 4–5 m tall. The leaves are opposite, three-lobed. deciduousshrubornamental plant deciduousshrubornamental plant cultivated as a component of hedgerows, cover plantings, and as part of other naturalistic plantings in its native regions cultivated as a component of hedgerows, cover plantings, and as part of other naturalistic plantings in its native regions

11. It is the shrub with small thorns. The leavers are pinnate, with 5-7 leaflets. Usually the flowers are white. They have five petals, and mature into an oval red-orange fruit, or hip. It is the shrub with small thorns. The leavers are pinnate, with 5-7 leaflets. Usually the flowers are white. They have five petals, and mature into an oval red-orange fruit, or hip. The fruit has a five-angle space on the apex The fruit has a five-angle space on the apex Dog rose (Rosa canina)

12. There is a round hole on the apex of fruit Uses: hip as vitamin, atherosclerosis, hypertensive illness, anemia Cinnamon rose (Rosa majalis)

13. PURPLE CONEFLOWER – Echinacea purpurea Is a native perennial plant growing to 1 or 2 m in height. The root system is fibrous and has short woody rhizomes.The stems have small purple streaks and scattered white hairs. Leaves are alternate or opposite. They are broadly lanceolate, lanceolate, or ovate, with widely spaced teeth along the margins. The upper surface of the leaves is often dark green and has sparse white hairs. The flowers are a composite inflorescence, with purple (rarely yellow or white) florets arranged in a prominent, somewhat cone-shaped head — "cone-shaped". inflorescence floretsheadinflorescence floretshead Uses: roots, herbs and inflorescence. Echinacea is popular as immunostimulator. inflorescenceimmunostimulator inflorescenceimmunostimulator

14. Pot marigold (Calendula) Calendula is annual or perennial herbaceous plants The leaves are spirally arranged, simple, and slightly hairy. The flower heads range from pastel yellow to deep orange with both ray florets and disc florets. They have a spicy aroma and are produced from spring to autumn in temperate climates. annualperennialherbaceous plantsleavesflowerannualperennialherbaceous plantsleavesflower Calendula is easily grown from seed and may be sown directly in the garden from early spring on into summer, with plenty of time left to get a good harvest of flowers. Tolerant of poor soils, calendula will grow in partial shade or full sun. The plant requires regular watering. Sometimes known as “pot marigold,” calendula is easily grown in pots on the doorstep or in window boxes. Keep weeded and thin to 6 inches to 1 foot apart. The first flowers are produced only 40 to 50 days after seed germination. Uses: flowers as antiphlogisticum, advulnans, bactericidum, hypotencivum means. Uses: flowers as antiphlogisticum, advulnans, bactericidum, hypotencivum means.

15. Chamomilla is an erect annual, up to 60cm in height, with wispy 2-3 pinnate leaves and terminal peduncles supporting single flowerheads. Yellow tubular florets without membranous bracts are implanted on a raised and hollow receptacle. This is surrounded by a single row of white ligulate florets. Uses: flowers head as anti- inflammatory, spasmolytic, vulnerary, antimicrobial, mild sedative, carminative (вітрогінний), antiseptic, anticatarrhal. Common Chamomile – Chamomilla recutita

16. It is a perennial composite plant. It is a rather rigid herb, the stem of which attains a height of from 3 to 5 m. The root is thick, branching and has a warm, bitter taste. The leaves are large and toothed, the flowers are yellow and have many rays, each three- notched at the extremity.perennialcomposite plantstemleavesflowers Uses:root and rhizome as stimulating expectorant, diaphoretic, digestive tonic, relaxant, warming, bacteriostatic, stomachic means. Elecampane or Horse-heal also called Wild Sunflower (Inula helenium )

17. Dwarf Everlast - Helichrysum arenarium Grassy perennial plants with a short dark-brown woody rhizome. Stem is straight. Leaves next lancet-linear, felt- covered. Lower leaves are oblong. Flowers are shallow, tubular, orange or yellow in the numerous spherical small baskets collected in corymbose panicles. Uses: An infusion of the bright yellow flowers is used in the treatment of gall bladder disorders and as a diuretic in treating rheumatism and cystitis.

18. Mary Thistle - Silybum marianum Silybum marianum is a milk thistle. This fairly typical thistle has red to purple flowers and shiny pale green leaves with white veins. The medicinal parts of the plant are the ripe seeds. milk thistle milk thistle Uses:in cases of liver diseases (cirrhosis, jaundice and hepatitis), gallbladder disease, and is claimed to protect the liver against poisons. Uses:in cases of liver diseases (cirrhosis, jaundice and hepatitis), gallbladder disease, and is claimed to protect the liver against poisons.livercirrhosisjaundicehepatitisgallbladderlivercirrhosisjaundicehepatitisgallbladder

19. The Globe Artichoke (Cynara cardunculus) Uses: leaves, flowers. Main actions (in order): liver and gallbladder bile stimulant, hepatoprotective (liver protector), antihepatotoxic (liver detoxifier), hypocholesterolemic (lowers cholesterol). The cokeed artichoke use in a meal Uses: leaves, flowers. Main actions (in order): liver and gallbladder bile stimulant, hepatoprotective (liver protector), antihepatotoxic (liver detoxifier), hypocholesterolemic (lowers cholesterol). The cokeed artichoke use in a meal

20. Common Lavander (Lavandula angustifolia) is perennial evergreen hemi-shrub growing to about 60 cm tall with aromatic smell. Stem is branching. Leaves are opposite, narrowly linear, green-grey, covered hairs. Flowers are blue- violet, collected in whorls of 4- 8, and arranged in terminal interrupted spikes. Corolla is distinctly 2-lipped. Fruits are nutlets. Active ingredients: essential oil, tannins. Uses: flowers and herb for treating migraines and nervous disorders, as sedative.

21. Wild Majoram (Origanum vulgare) is perennial grassy plant, growing to about 50 cm tall with much branched stem. Leaves are opposite, ovate, short-stalked. Flowers are pink, collected in corymb-like panicles. Corolla is 2-lipped. Fruits are nutlets. Active ingredients: essential oil, flavonoids. Uses: herb for treating loss of appetite, digestive problems. In homeopathy – for treating female sexual disorders. Further uses: for flavour foods, in tea.

22. Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis) is perennial grassy plant, growing to about 80 cm tall with aromatic lemon smell. Leaves are opposite, oval, stalked, with toothed margin. Flowers are yellowish-white, collected in whorls of 3-6, and arranged in interrupted spikes., and arranged in interrupted spikes. Corolla is weakly 2-lipped. Fruits are nutlets. Active ingredients: essential oil, flavonoids. Uses: herb as sedative, anti-depressant.

23. Peppermint (Mentha piperita) is perennial grassy plant, growing to about 80 cm tall with violet-tinged stems and aromatic smell. Leaves are opposite, narrowly ovate, stalked, with toothed margin. Flowers are pinkish-violet, collected in whorls of 4–8, and arranged in terminal interrupted spikes. Corolla is weakly 2-lipped. Fruits are nutlets. Active ingredients: essential oil, flavonoids. Uses: leaves and herb for treating nausea, stomach, intestinal and liver disorders, as mildly anesthetic and sedative.

24. Sage (Salvia officinalis) is perennial decidoues hemi-shrub growing to about 70 cm tall with aromatic smell. Active ingredients: essential oil, tannins, bitters. Uses: leaves as anti-septic for treating mouth and throat infection, as anti-perspirant

25. Purple Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) is biennial or perennial grassy plant to 150 cm tall with upright stem, covered with hairs. Leaves are lanceolate, wrinkled. Lower leaves are stalked, forming a rosette, upper leaves unstalked. Flowers are zygomorphic, with 2- lobed margins, pink or purple, with dark spots inside, collected in raceme. Fruit is capsule. Active ingredients: cardiac glycosides (poisonous!) Uses: leaves – for strengthen weak heartbeat. Purple Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) is biennial or perennial grassy plant to 150 cm tall with upright stem, covered with hairs. Leaves are lanceolate, wrinkled. Lower leaves are stalked, forming a rosette, upper leaves unstalked. Flowers are zygomorphic, with 2- lobed margins, pink or purple, with dark spots inside, collected in raceme. Fruit is capsule. Active ingredients: cardiac glycosides (poisonous!) Uses: leaves – for strengthen weak heartbeat.

26. Grecian Foxglove (Digitalis lanata) Grecian Foxglove (Digitalis lanata) – with yellowish flowers and brownish veins. Lower lip is pale-pink.

27. Greater Plantain (Plantago major) The Plantain Family (Plantaginaceae) is perennial grassy plant to 40 cm tall with upright unbranched stem. Leaves are oval, with strong arc-shaped veins, collected in basal rosette. Flowers are little, yellow-green, collected in spike. Fruit is capsule.

28. Test questions (KROK - 2) Plant medicine «Salvin» is used as astringent, anti- inflammatory and antimicrobial agent. What medicinal plant material should be used for manufacturing of the drug? A.*Sage leaves A.*Sage leaves B. Sylvan horstail herb B. Sylvan horstail herb C. Common horstail herb (Equisetum), C. Common horstail herb (Equisetum), D. Peppermint leaves D. Peppermint leaves E. Motherwort herb E. Motherwort herb

29. During the butch quality analysis of the plant material it was determined that it consists of whole inflorescences which have a form of heads up to 5 cm in diameter, with peduncules up to 3 cm long, ligulate and tubular florets of more intense orange-yellow colour; poorly fragrant odour, salted-bitter taste. It can be concluded that the material comprises the flowers of: A. *Pot Marigold A. *Pot Marigold B. Chamomile B. Chamomile C. Hawthorn C. Hawthorn D. Lily of the valley D. Lily of the valley E. Linden E. Linden A pharmaceutical factory received a medicinal plant material coneflower [Echinacea purpurea] rhizomes for manufacturing of tincture. What action does the medicine exhibit? A. *Immunostimulant A. *Immunostimulant B. Expectorant B. Expectorant C. Purgative (cathartic) C. Purgative (cathartic) D. Cardiotonic D. Cardiotonic E. Enterosorbic E. Enterosorbic

30. A pharmaceutical factory received a medicinal plant material coneflower [Echinacea purpurea] rhizomes for manufacturing of tincture. What action does the medicine exhibit? A. *Immunostimulant A. *Immunostimulant B. Expectorant B. Expectorant C. Purgative (cathartic) C. Purgative (cathartic) D. Cardiotonic D. Cardiotonic E. Enterosorbic E. Enterosorbic The medicinal plant material „Valerian rhizome and roots" is collected in a phase of: A. * Dying out of aerial part A. * Dying out of aerial part B. Budding B. Budding C. Beginning of blossoming C. Beginning of blossoming D. Complete blossoming D. Complete blossoming E. Fruiting E. Fruiting