1. Political Parties
Lijin Golden

2. Main Topics Meaning of Political Party Components of Political Party
Functions of the Political Party
Necessary of a Political Party
Different Party System- Uni, Two and Multiple Party
Kishenji and his idea about alternative politics
Different types of Political Parties
National Parties
State Parties
Challenges to political party
Formation of a Political Party

3. What is a political party (meaning)
A party is a group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in the government. The political parties are easily one of the most visible institution in democracy. They agree on some policies and programmes for the society. They form the public opinion by talking about their policies. They are convince the people that their policies are better than other’s policies. They aim to win the support of the people in the elections and form the government. They work for the collective interest of the society and not for a particular section of the society.

4. Components of a Political Party
A political party has three components 1. The Leaders 2. The Active Members 3. The Followers

5. Who is a Partisan
A person who is strongly committed to a party, group or faction. The Partisanship is marked by a tendency to take a side and inability to take a balanced view on an issue

6. Various Functions of a political party What do the political parties do? (Or) Political Parties play a major role in democracy- Justify this statement
A political party is a group of people who aim to attain the power in the government through the election. They play a major role in democracy. They perform various functions in a democracy Contest Elections, Policies and Programmes, Law Making, Form and Run the Government, Role of Opposition, Form the Public Opinion, Access to Government machinery and welfare schemes.

7. Contest Elections: In most democracies, elections are fought mainly among the candidates put up by political parties. Parties select their candidate in different ways. In USA, the members and supporters of a party choose it candidates. Most of the countries following this method. In India the top leaders choose the candidate for the election.
Policies and Programmes: The political parties talk about their policies in public. They try to convince the public that the policies of their party better. They organise demonstrations. Public meeting and speeches to discuss the policies that they would take. They discuss the problems facing the country and the policies to the people. They try to gain support of the public through such measures

8. 3. Law Making: Political parties play a very important role in making the law for the country. Any proposed law is first called the bill. The bill is debated in the legislature and if it gets majority, it is considered to be passed. Such a bill then become the law of the country 4. Form and Run the Government: The political party that wins majority in the election forms the government. Such a party called the ruling party. It forms, then runs the government. It takes all the important all decisions. Trained and experienced members are made the ministers who implement the policies of the government.

9. 5. Role of the Opposition: The political part that lose the election forms the opposition party. It keeps a check on the ruling party. Opposition party criticize the ruling government if it implements a policy that is not in favour of the masses. They also ensure that the ruling party does not misuse the power. 6. Form the Public Opinion: Political parties discuss various issues facing the country. They discuss the policies and form the government. They launch the movements for the problems facing the country and mobilize mass support for various issues.

10. 7. Access the Government Machinery and Welfare Schemes: The political parties form the link between the public and government. The leaders are answerable to the people for the policies followed by their party. It is easy for the public to approach the local leaders to raise their demands. The leaders cannot ignore their concerns as the public might not vote for them in the next elections.

11. Why modern democracies cannot exist without the political parties
Why modern democracies cannot exist without the political parties? What is the need of a political party
A political party is an organised group of people who aim to control power in the government. They have their own policies and programmes for the society. The political parties are very needed in society. 1. Let’s think of a situation where we do not have political parties in the system. Every candidate would contest the election independently. There would be no organized groups to take the important decision for the country. The decision of a single person only the government would be very uncertain in such issues. The election process become

12. much more complicated and numerous candidates in the election
much more complicated and numerous candidates in the election. There would be a confusion among the voters. 2. Political parties have their own policies and programmes for the society. They talk about them to the public and form the public opinion. They discuss the various issues facing the country to the public. 3. They inform the people about the working of the ruling party. They keep the people about the political activity. They talk about the problems of the state, the working of the government and the failure of the ruling party and suggestions for the upliftment

13. 4. Political parties maintain their contact with the common people
4. Political parties maintain their contact with the common people. They act as a link between the government and the masses. They present the demands and the interest of the people to the government. They also present to the people what government has done to fulfill those demands.

14. What are the important difference between Uni- Party, Two- Party and Multi- Party System (Or) To prepare a note about Different Party System
Uni- Party System
In Uni- Party system, there is only one political party in the country. There is no competition in this system and people have no choice in the elections. Legally speaking, people are free to form political parties, it does not happen because the electoral system does not permit free competition for power.
Eg: Communist Party in China, North Kotea and Cuba

15. Two Party System
In the two party system, there are two major parties in the political sphere. There are smaller parties also but they become partners with the major parties. To win the elections, the winning party has to get the maximum votes Eg: USA, Canada and UK

16. Multi- Party System
This is the most common type of the party system. In this system there are three or more parties. Every party has the capacity to win the election and form the government. Each party competes and contests the elections. Some time no party gets the majority and several parties join together to form the government it is called Coalition government Eg: India, France and Denmark

17. What do you meant by Alliance/ Front
In the Multi Party system, there are three or more political parties in the system. Each party has the capacity to win the elections and form the government. When several parties in a multi- party system join hands for the purpose of contesting elections and winning power, it is called an Alliance or a Front. Eg: In 2004 parliamentary election the different political parties has formed the alliance National Democratic Alliance (NDA), The United Progressive Alliances (UPA) and Left Front

18. What do you meant by Coalition Government
In the Multi Party System, the government is formed by various parties coming together in a coalition this is called Coalition government. Eg: UPA government in Lok Sabha

19. How the Party systems were originated in the Democratic System
Party system is not something any country can choose
It evolves over a long time, depending on the nature of the society, its social and regional divisions, history of politics and its system of election.
These cannot change very quickly
Each country has developed a party system that is conditioned by its special Circumstance.
In India, the multi system has evolved the multi party system because the social and geographical diversity in such a large country is not easily absorbed by two or even three parties

20. Various kinds of Political Parties in Democratic government (Or) Difference between- National Party and State Party
Democracies that follow a federal system all over the world: the party that are represent only one federal units and parties that represent in several or all units of the federation. There are some countries the wide parties, which are called national parties. These parties have units in various states. But all units follow the same policies; programmes and strategy that is decided at the national level.

21. National Party
A political party that wins at least six percent of the votes in the Lok Sabha elections or assembly elections in four states and wins at least four seats in the Lok Sabha, it recognised as a national party. These parties are given a unique symbol- only the official candidates of the party can use that election symbols. These parties they were enjoying lot of other privileges and special facilities so that’s why this is otherwise known as Recognised Parties In 2006, in India we have six recognised national parties

22. Indian National Congress (INC)
Popularly known as Congress Party.
One of the oldest parties of the world.
Founded in 1885, experienced many splits.
Played a dominant role in national and state level after the independence.
Under Jawaharlal Nehru, the party build a modern secular democratic republic in India.
Till to 1977, and then ruled the country.
After 1989, its support declined
A centrist party (neither rights nor leftist) in its ideological orientation, the party espouses secularism and welfare of the sections and minorities

23. 1n 2004,145 members in Lok Sabha
Currently leads the ruling United Progressive Alliance (UPA) coalition government at the centre.

24. Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)
Founded in 1980 by reviving the erstwhile Bharatiya Jana Sangh.
Inspiration from ancient Indian culture and values.
Cultural Nationalism (Hindutva) is an important element
Wants full territorial and political integration of Jammu and Kashmir with India and a introduce a uniform civil code irrespective of religion, and ban religious conversions.
Earlier limited only North, West and Urban areas then expended the support in the south, north east and rural areas
Came in to power in 2004 election and the leader of national Democratic Alliance (NDA) including several state and regional parties.
Lost in 2004 election, and became the opposition party in the Lok Sabha.

25. Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP)
Formed in under the leadership of kanshi Ram
Seeks to represent and secure power for the bahujan samaj which includes- dalits, adivasis, OBC and religious minorities.
Inspiration from the ideas and teachings of- sahu Maharaj, mahatma Phule, Periyar Ramaswami naicker and babasaheb Ambedkar.
Standing for the welfare and interest of the dalits and oppressed class
Main base- UP, MP, Chhattisgarh, Uttarakhand, Delhi and Punjab
Formed government in UP several times along with the help of other parties.
In 2004 Lok Sabha election- 6 per cent of vote polled and 19 seats in Lok Sabha

26. Communist Party of India- Marxist (CPI-M)
Founded in 1964
Believes in Marxism and Leninism
Supports- Socialism, Secularism and democracy and oppose imperialism and Communalism
Objective- Socio Economic Justice in India
Support in West Bengal, Kerala and Tripura, especially among the poor, factory workers, farmers, agricultural labourers and intelligentsia.
Critical of the new economic policies that allow free flow of foreign capital and goods in to the country.
Power in West Bengal without break for 30 years.
In 2004, 6 per cent of votes and 43 seats in Lok Sabha
Currently supports the UPA government from outside, without joining the government

27. Communist Party of India (CPI)
Formed in 1925
Believes in Marxism, Lenisism, Secularism and democracy
Accepts the parliamentary democracy as a means of promoting the interests of the working class, farmers and the poor
In 1964, party has divided in to two led the formation of CPI- M.
Kerala, West Bengal, Punjab, andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
In 2004, 14 per cent vote and 10 seats in the Lok sabha election
Currently supporting UPA government from outside.

28. Nationalist Congress Party (NCP)
Formed in 1999, as a result of the split in the congress party.
Democracy, Gandhian Secularism, Equity, Social Justice and federalism- Ideology
Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Manipur and Assam
A coalition partner in Maharashtra in alliance with the Congress.
Since 2004, a member of the United Progressive Alliance.