1. Toni Christopher Carnivorans… NOT carnivores…

2. Order Carnivora Suborder Feliformia Suborder Pinnipedia Suborder Caniformia

3. Suborder FeliformiaSuborder Caniformia Felidae Eupleridae Herpestidae Hyaenidae Viverridae Ursidae Mustelidae Mephitidae Canidae Cats Mongooses Hyenas Civets Malagasy carnivores Procyonidae Otariidae Phocidae Odobenidae Amphicyonidae Nimravidae Paleofelids Bear-dogs Walruses Earred Seals Raccoons Skunks Weasels Bears Canines Earless Seals

4. Caniforms non-retractile claws Well developed baculum Simple colorations Temperate & subarctic Terrestrial & aquatic Mostly plantigrade More teeth and longer skulls Retractile claws Not as developed Spots, stripes, and bright More tropical habitats Arboreal or partly so Digitigrade Fewer teeth and shorter skulls Feliforms

5. Homeothermic marine Carnivorans Low surface area to volume ratio Blubber layer, typically hair covered, digits connected by webbing Can remain underwater for over an hour Very small or non-existant pinnae and well developed whiskers Very short or absent tails and hidden genitalia

6. Large brains in heavy skulls Highly developed zygomatic arches for powerful jaw muscle attachment Simple stomachs for primarily meat diets Incredibly acute senses of vision, hearing, and smell Carnassial pair

7. Carnivory, herbivory, and omnivory Caniforms are mostly omnivores with a few exceptions Giant Panda Feliforms and Pinnipeds are more strictly carnivores Most Carnivorans ambush prey, others tire it out Crabeater seal is an exception! Filterfeeder on zooplankton

8. Anywhere prey items or sources of food are found Land and sea Forests, deserts, mountains, grasslands, scrublands, tundra, open ice, freshwater rivers, lakes, marshes, open ocean, and marine coastal areas. Home ranges and migratory ranges

9. Predation young by other predators By humans for centuries Competition, fur, meat, sport, old medicines, habitat loss, black market Conservation Captive breeding Giant Panda Reintroduction into areas of extirpation Yellowstone wolves Getting humans to live in peace with nature

10. Cryptoprocta ferox Asian Palm Civet Saber Tooth Tiger Mustela putorius furo