1. What is the meaning of weather and climate? Copy the definition for: Weather = the state of the atmosphere around us (changes every day) Climate = the average weather over a period of time (many years)

2. The 4 main parts of the weather Precipitation (How much it has rained / snowed and how wet it is) Temperature (How hot or cold it is) Visibility (How much we can see Is it foggy / dusty?) Wind (How fast it is and which direction it will travel)

3. Final Task – Build a sentence Level 3/C The word weather means… The word climate means. Describe what the weather it is like today. Level 4/B The word weather means. The word climate means. The weather today is… (use specific examples like wind, visibility, precipitation) Level 5/A The difference between weather and climate is… The weather today is… (use examples like wind, visibility, precipitation) The weather in the UK is… (use examples like wind, visibility, precipitation) It is important for humans to know the weather because…

4. Important words Condensation (con/den/sa/tion) Evaporation (e/vap/or/ation) Liquid water Solid water Water gas Water vapour Ice Water turns from gas to a liquid Water turns from a liquid into a gas Plain H2O

5. The Water Cycle

6. The Water Cycle in more detail

7. Places get warm because of the _______. It heats up the ________, which heats the ______. The sun also _______ wind. The warm air ________, so ______ air ________ in to replace it. This cold air is ______. The water from the oceans __________ to become a gas ( _________ __________). As warm air rises it ________ down. The water vapour ____________. That’s why we get ________. When the clouds become too _________, it rains. Sometimes when the weather is very ________ the water droplets may fall as __________, hailstone or sleet. The Water Cycle: Test Rain causes wind rises rising raining sun heating evaporates snow condenses evaporation condensation heavy clear windy water vapour cools cooling.

8. Type of weather InstrumentHow it worksUnits it measures in TemperatureAnemometer The arm points in the same direction that the wind is travelling in Degrees celcius (ºC) Wind speedThermometer The person recording looks at how much of the sky is covered in cloud, they divide the sky into 8ths Kilometres per hour (kph) Wind direction Rain gaugeThe metal cups rotate in the wind. The stronger the wind, the faster the cups turn. Compass direction (NSEW) PrecipitationBarometer This records the force of the air on the surface of the earth Millimeters (mm) Air pressureEyes A container is placed in a stationary position and records how much rain/sleet/snow/hail falls. Millibars (mB) Cloud coverWeather vane The liquid (mercury or spirit) in the bulb at the bottom expands as it gets warm and rises up a tube. You can then read off the value. Oktas (8ths)

9. Type of weather InstrumentUnits it measures in TemperatureThermometerDegrees celcius (ºC) Wind speedAnemometerKilometres per hour (kph) Wind directionWeather vaneCompass direction (NSEW) PrecipitationRain gaugeMillimeters (mm) Air pressureBarometerMillibars (mB) Cloud coverEyesOktas (8ths)

10. The units of temperature are degrees Celsius °C or degrees Fahrenheit °F. (Like MPH and KMPH) Temperature is a measure of how warm or cool it is. Temperature Most thermometers are made so liquid (mercury or spirit) in the bulb at the bottom expands as it gets warm and rises up a tube. Temperatures are measured in the shade, so the sun’s rays do not heat up the instrument being used. Temperature is measured using a thermometer. How is temperature measured?

11. The force exerted on the Earth by the air above. Air pressure is measured using a barometer. It records it in millibars (mB) Air pressure Air pressure changes with height, the higher up we go, the more air pressure.

12. Wind Direction: A Weather vane records the direction the wind is blowing in. It spins and points towards the direction. A compass direction can be calculated: – North – South – East – West

13. Wind speed is a measure of how fast the air is moving. It is measured using an anemometer Wind speed Wind is simply moving air. An anemometer has metal cups that rotate in the wind. The stronger the wind, the faster the cups turn.

14. Rainfall is measured using a rain gauge. Precipitation: Rainfall Rain is a type of precipitation, Snow, sleet, hail, dew and fog are also types of precipitation. Precipitation occurs when water vapour in the air cools and condenses into water droplets. Rainfall is usually measured in millimetres (mm).

15. Cloud Cover Your eyes are the most useful tools to measure the weather You can look at the sky and see how much is covered in cloud We record this in Oktas 1 Okta is ⅛th A full sky of cloud would be 8 Oktas Your eyes are the most useful tools to measure the weather You can look at the sky and see how much is covered in cloud We record this in Oktas 1 Okta is ⅛th A full sky of cloud would be 8 Oktas

16. It uses a scale from 0 to 12. The Beaufort scale measures wind intensity using the effects of wind to estimate its speed. Beaufort scale 0 on the scale means there is no wind. How is wind speed estimated without an anemometer? 12 indicates hurricane conditions.

19. Type of weather InstrumentHow it worksUnits it measures in Picture TemperatureThermometer The liquid (mercury or spirit) in the bulb at the bottom expands as it gets warm and rises up a tube. You can then read off the value. Degrees celcius (ºC) Wind speedAnemometer The metal cups rotate in the wind. The stronger the wind, the faster the cups turn. Kilometres per hour (kph) Wind direction Weather vane The arm points in the same direction that the wind is travelling in Compass direction (NSEW) PrecipitationRain gauge A container is placed in a stationary position and records how much rain/sleet/snow/hail falls. Millimeters (mm) Air pressureBarometer This records the force of the air on the surface of the earth. Millibars (mB) Cloud coverEyes The person recording looks at how much of the sky is covered in cloud, they divide the sky into 8ths Oktas (8ths)

20. 1.Rain gauge a)A rain gauge is used to measure the amount of rain that has fallen. Rain is a type of precipitation b)The rain gauge is a container which gathers the rainfall. c)The unit of measurement used is millimeters (mm)

21. 1.Rain gauge 2.Anemometer 3.Barometer 4.Eyes 2.Anemometer a) An anemometer is used to measure: the speed of the wind. b) The anemometer is: made of metal cups which catch wind and spin. The faster the wind, the more they spin. C) The unit of measurement used: is Killometers per hour (KPH)

22. 1.Rain gauge 2.Anemometer 3.Barometer 4.Eyes 2.Anemometer a) An anemometer is used to measure: the speed of the wind. b) The anemometer is: made of metal cups which catch wind and spin. The faster the wind, the more they spin. C) The unit of measurement used: is Killometers per hour (KPH)

23. 3.Barometer a) A barometer is used to measure: b) The barometer is: a gauge which measures the pressure the sky exerts (puts) on the Earth. C) The unit of measurement used: millibars

24. 4.Eyes a) Eyes are used to measure: b) The eyes measure the amount of sky that is covered with clouds. The person divides it in to 8 parts and checks how many parts are covered. C) The unit of measurement used: millibars

27. Convectional rainfall Relief rainfall 1.Sun heats the Earth 2.Evaporation 3.Warm air rises 4.Condensation 5.Water droplets. 6.Heavy Clouds 7.Rain 1.Warm air moving. 2.Forced up a mountain. 3.Condensation 4.Rain

28. Frontal

29. Convectional The Earth is heated by the ______________________ and the air above it is warmed. As the air warms it evaporates (______________). As it reaches higher in the sky it will begin to ________________ down and ________________ are formed. Clouds are droplets of water vapour that will eventually lead to __________________. RisesCool SunClouds Rain

30. Title: Relief 10/03 1. Wind is forced to rise by _____________________ that often get in the way. 2. As air rises it will begin to ______________. 3. Cooling air causes ___________ and clouds form. 4. Then ____________ will fall.

31. Frontal 1. Air masses are huge blocks of _____. 2. Frontal rainfall occurs when warm air (from the _______________) meets colder air (from the ___________). 3. As the two air masses meet the _________ air is forced above the cold air, because it is lighter. 4. As warm air rises it _______, condenses and it starts to ________.

32. Quick Fire Activity Name 5 extreme weather events beginning with the following letters: H____________________ M____________________ S____________________ F____________________

33. Why is climate so different in different places, and in different months? Factors that influence climate LATITUDE EARTHS TILT DISTANCE FROM THE COAST WIND DIRECTION/ SPEED OCEAN TEMPERATURE HEIGHT ABOVE SEA LEVEL OR ALTITUDE 1.Use page 84 and 85 to add drawings to your spider diagram 2. Explain a. latitude b. altitude c. wind direction

34. Climate data for London Month JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec Average temperature (˚C) 881114172123 1915118 Precipitation (mm) 554041434944 49 685955 The climate generally gives us average temperature and precipitation As geographers we can represent this in an excellent and interesting way!! A way that will allow us to compare them both visually…….. A climate graph. Here is your data……

36. Climates around the world TypeClimateCountriesPicture Desert Very dry and hot all year round, especially in summer, with cooler winters Saudi Arabia Egypt Australia Polar Very cold all year. Many parts covered in snow and ice. Canada Serbia Mountain High up and cold. Lots of rain and snow. Switzerland China Maritime Very wet. Warm summers and cool winters. UK France Holland Tropical Rainy and hot most of the year with a dry season Brazil Madagascar India