1. Vocabulary Nationalism

2. 1. Unification – The act of bringing together to form a single unit. 2. Nationalism – The feeling of pride and devotion to one’s country, culture, and history rather than to an empire. 3. Nation State – When a nation becomes a nation state, it has developed it’s own independent government.

3. 4. Giuseppe Mazzini – Organized a secret society called the “Young Italy” movement. Called for the establishment of a republic and a unified Italy. 5. Count Camillo Cavour – Italian Prime Minister in 1852. 6. Risorgimento - Revival 7. King Victor Emmanuel II – Wanted to be a model for Italian nationalism.

4. 8. Giuseppe Garibaldi – Founded a nationalist army known as the “Red Shirts.” Named this because their shirts were red. 9. Crimen War – A war involving France and Britain, against Russia, to stop Russia from taking over a weak Ottoman Empire. 10. German Confederation – A loose organization (organized by the Congress of Vienna), of 39 separate states.

5. 11. Prussia – A strong industrial German kingdom, which attempts to unify the German states. 12. Otto von Bismark – Prime Minister of Germany (Prussia). 13. Blood and Iron – A term used by Von Bismark as strengthening the military, and using warfare to reach their goals. 14. Austria – A large empire in Central Europe, representing one of the most serious obstacles to German unity.

6. 15. Annex – The process of adding a smaller nation to a larger one. 16. Kaiser – An emperor. 17. Franco-Prussian War – After a minor political dispute over control of Spain, on January 1870, France declares war on Prussia. 18. Reich (Second) – German word for empire (the 1 st Reich was during the reign of the Holy Roman Empire).

7. 19. Piedmont-Sardinia – Largest and most powerful of the Italian states. 20. Liberal – Middle-class, teachers, lawyers and business people (people who tended to believe in Nationalism). 21. William II – German ruler determined to make Germany a major commercial, colonial, and,military power to rival Britain, France, and Russia. 22. Militarism – The glorification of the military and a readiness for war.