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8. Water in oil leads to damages Oil should be clean and dry Copyright © PAJ GROUP PAJ GROUP GrundtvigsAlle`163 DK-6400 Sønderborg Tel: +45 74 43 71 81 Fax: +45 74 43 71 91 www.paj.dk e-mail: paj@paj.dk APPROVALS: ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO13485, IEC 61340-51, IRIS & IPC-A-610 CLASS 3 EFFECTS OF WATER IN OIL Surveys have documented that water or moisture is the second largest contamination (after particles) in oil systems Water has a damaging effect on the life time of oil and system components: Impaired film strength and lubricity Corrosion Hydrogen-induced fractures (embrittlement or blistering) Fastened oil degradation which will speed up the oils oxidization Damage to bearing in MAN engine The effect is damages to engine parts, cylinders, bearings, etc with resulting mechanical failures and therefore repairs and expensive downtime costs (ranging between EUR 10,000 – 200,000). Any oil can hold a certain amount of water (dissolved water) depending on the oil type and temperature – until free water is formed Free water is what has the most damaging effects, however, the damaging effect occur already at low water activity. For optimal protection of machine components the water content should not exceed 30% of the saturation point The amount of water a specific oil type can dissolve varies significantly, depending on e.g. the base oil, additives, oxidation, temperature and pressure

9. Water in oil leads to damages Oil should be clean and dry Copyright © PAJ GROUP PAJ GROUP GrundtvigsAlle`163 DK-6400 Sønderborg Tel: +45 74 43 71 81 Fax: +45 74 43 71 91 www.paj.dk e-mail: paj@paj.dk APPROVALS: ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO13485, IEC 61340-51, IRIS & IPC-A-610 CLASS 3 MEASURING THE WATER ACTIVITY Traditionally the water content of oils has been measured using either chemicals or laboratory equipment providing a percentage (%) or as ppm (parts per million) This laboratory approach has some drawbacks: The small oil sample may not represent the many tons of oil Time will elapse before the result returns from the lab – and the damage may actually have happened before results are knows The analysis are typically only conducted once or twice a month Samples are highly dependent on the personnel and correct handling & storage Many types of oil analysis state water content very inaccurately – e.g. less than 1000 ppm. In many oil types/applications the damaging effects, however, already occur at 100 ppm These drawbacks can be eliminated by installing PAJ Water-In-Oil sensors which will monitor the water level in the entire oil system 24/7. PAJ sensors have the highest measuring quality in the market, and are calibrated for the specific oil type The sensor will be giving you early warnings and the ability to take preventing actions – and is thus a cheap insurance against the very costly repair and downtime costs

10. For Marketing text bites Copyright © PAJ GROUP PAJ GROUP GrundtvigsAlle`163 DK-6400 Sønderborg Tel: +45 74 43 71 81 Fax: +45 74 43 71 91 www.paj.dk e-mail: paj@paj.dk APPROVALS: ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO13485, IEC 61340-51, IRIS & IPC-A-610 CLASS 3 We/“COMPANY” now introduce a solution to the problem of monitoring water in oil, in the form of the WIO200 water-in-oil sensor. While conventional approaches require taking a small sample of the oil and then analysing it, the WIO200 provides continuous monitoring of the entire lubricant oil volume, providing early warning of high levels of water content that could damage the machine. In applications such as marine engines or other machinery where water might be present, problems associated with water include corrosion of machine parts, a reduction in the oil’s ability to withstand pressure, emulsification, and leaching of oil additives. Conventional sampling often only picks up the problem after damage has occurred. But when water in the lubricating oil is detected early, maintenance personnel can intervene before any damage is done, preventing expensive accidents. The WIO200 water-in-oil sensor measures water/moisture in oil, by measuring the relative humidity and water activity. It provides a 4-20mA analogue output and two relay alarm outputs. The sensor is calibrated for different oil types and performs continual oil analysis rather than discrete samples. As well as providing advance warnings of problems, it can also be used to ensure that separators, filters and driers are only running when actually needed.

11. For Marketing text bites cont. Copyright © PAJ GROUP PAJ GROUP GrundtvigsAlle`163 DK-6400 Sønderborg Tel: +45 74 43 71 81 Fax: +45 74 43 71 91 www.paj.dk e-mail: paj@paj.dk APPROVALS: ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO13485, IEC 61340-51, IRIS & IPC-A-610 CLASS 3 Simple to install and easy to connect, the WIO200 provides a measurement range of 0.01-1.00aw, with accuracy to ±0.03aw and resolution of better than 0.004aw. The relay alarm contacts are rated for 250V AC, with the default alarm settings being 0.50aw and 0.90aw. The sensor works with oils at up to 40 bar pressure and up to 90°C. The sensor was developed for monitoring marine engines, and meets the standards of MAN Diesel & Turbo Copenhagen. It is also Germanischer Lloyd Type approved. But there will be applications in any condition monitoring system where there is the potential for water to contaminate lubricating oil, hydraulic oil, diesel, etc. The WIO200 sensor is available with an associated terminal box. The terminal box provides power to the sensor, links the sensor to any external condition monitoring system, and provides a local visual indication of the water level in the oil.

12. For Marketing Application pictures Copyright © PAJ GROUP PAJ GROUP GrundtvigsAlle`163 DK-6400 Sønderborg Tel: +45 74 43 71 81 Fax: +45 74 43 71 91 www.paj.dk e-mail: paj@paj.dk APPROVALS: ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO13485, IEC 61340-51, IRIS & IPC-A-610 CLASS 3 Engine/oil systems Application Gear Boxes Turbine systems Transformers Ventilation/ cooling syst. Pumps Compressors Lube oil Media Gear Box oilTurbine oilHydraulic oilTransformer oil Diesel oil Hydraulic systems

13. 13 Copyright © PAJ GROUP PAJ GROUP GrundtvigsAlle`163 DK-6400 Sønderborg Tel: +45 74 43 71 81 Fax: +45 74 43 71 91 www.paj.dk e-mail: paj@paj.dk APPROVALS: ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO13485, IEC 61340-51, IRIS & IPC-A-610 CLASS 3 A. SENSORS Water-in-Oil (WIO) product range Our sensor solutions cover a broad spectrum of applications WIO200A: 24VDC±10% power supply 2 x NC relay outputs 60VAC/1A 1 x galvanic isolated analog output 4 - 20mA Fixed alarm points HA-0.50 aw, HHA 0.90 aW Manual test function WIO300-500 range (additional features): 2 x galvanic isolated analog output 4 - 20mA RS485/RS232 modbus user interface or Adjustable alarm points for HA and HHA Oil Types (Media): Lube, Hydraulic, Diesel, Transformer and Gear Box Oil BALL VALVE 244,8mm STANDARD 104mm B. TERMINAL BOXES C. INTEGRATED SOLUTION WIO200A: LED indication/push button for H/HH-alarm 1 x galvanic isolated analog output 4 - 20mA 4 digit indication display for aW/ppm Acoustic indication for H/HH alarm WIO300-500 range (additional features): 2 x galvanic isolated analog output 4 - 20mA RS485/RS232/CANopen user interface or Adjustable alarm points for HA and HHA