2.  Matter – anything that takes up space and has mass.  Element – the simplest substance. Cannot be broken down. Examples: carbon, iron, gold, etc…  Atom – smallest part of an element that shares its properties. Made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

3. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rTXSwn kieZc

4.  Mineral – a naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and a crystalline structure. YOU MUST KNOW THIS DEFINITION BY HEART!  Inorganic – not from living things in any way.  Crystal – having a definite repeating pattern.

5.  Many minerals come from magma. Most are made up of the 8 most abundant elements in the earth’s crust.  Oxygen, Silicon, Aluminum, Iron, Calcium, Sodium, Potassium, and Magnesium. You need to memorize these!!

6. How do plants & wild animals get the minerals they need?

7. On Statues An Innocent Cat Spits Pink Mice

8. Turn in on a half sheet of paper DO NOT USE YOUR NOTES!! 1. Define mineral: 2. Name the 8 elements in the Earth’s crust:

9. 1. Color – External color, Ex: Azurite is always blue AND Streak – the color it “writes” on a hard, rough surface. 2. Luster – the way a mineral reflects light from its surface or the way it shines. ex: metallic, glassy, pearly, silky, and dull.

10. 3. Density – amount of matter in a given space, it never changes AND Hardness – the ability to resist being scratched. Note the softest and hardest rock on Moh’s scale. Talc=softest & Diamond=hardest. Mohs Scale Practice Time!! work w/ your face partner to complete ONLY the MOHS MINERAL CHALLENGE

11. 4. Crystal shape – the way the atoms come together, primarily six basic shapes. 5. Breakage Pattern: Cleavage – split along smooth, definite surface OR Fracture – split along a rough, jagged surface. Special properties magnetite is magnetic fluorite glows in ultraviolet light halite tastes salty sulfur stinks like rotten eggs calcite fizzes when in contact with an acid Uraninite is radioactive.

13.  Metals – are shiny and able to conduct heat and electricity.  Non-metals – are dull and cannot conduct heat or electricity.

14.  Gemstone – minerals used for jewelry: diamonds, rubies, sapphires, and emeralds.  Amber – from fossilized tree sap but still considered a gemstone. Remember from Jurassic Park… not a true mineral  Pearl – from oysters and mussels, considered a gemstone, not a true mineral  Semi-precious stones – amethyst, zircons, and turquoise… not minerals either 

15.  Silicates: feldspar and quartz, make glass & ceramics  Carbonates: calcite and dolomite, construction (concrete)  Oxides: hematite and magnetite, contain metallic minerals 1. Rock Forming Minerals: quartz, feldspar, calcite, and mica 2. Ore Minerals: pyrite, magnetite, hematite, galena, graphite, and sulfur. 3. Ores – describes minerals from which metals/non- metals can be removed through smelting in usable amounts.

16. 1. Name the 5 properties of minerals. 2. How are metals and non-metals different? 3. What was the hardest mineral on Moh’s scale? 4. What does inorganic mean? 5. Name 3 gemstones. 6. What is an ore?