1. Ronald F. White, Ph.D. Professor of Philosophy College of Mount St. Joseph

3. Pacifism –Ideal Pacifism –Modified Pacifism Political Realism –Utilitariansm Just War Theory –Jus ad Bellum –Jus in Bello

4. No Lethal Force –Buddhism, Quakerism, etc. –Gandhi Problems:

5. War is Natural (is=ought) Utilitarianism –Sun Tzu, The Art of WarThe Art of War –Machiavelli, The Seven Books on the Art of WarThe Seven Books on the Art of War “All is fair in love and war” “The ends justifies the means.” Go to war if benefits outweigh the costs Do whatever it takes to win.

6. War is a sometimes a necessary evil that must be limited. Jus ad Bellum –Just cause (self-defense-protect the weak, right a wrong) –Proper authority –Right intention –Last Resort –Good consequences must outweigh the Bad. –Reasonable chance of success Jus in Bello –Discrimination –Proportionality- –No Evil Means –Benevolent Quarantine –Responsibility-

7. Is moral deliberation relevant in the context of war? Is going to war ever morally justified? If so, under what conditions? Are there moral limits to military tactics? What role does “legality” play in the ethics of war? How does military power affect monitoring and enforcement of international laws relating to warfare? Discuss the morality of the following wars based on Just War Theory and Realism: –American Civil War –WW II –Vietnam War Discuss the morality of the following military tactics from the standpoint of Just War Theory and Realism: –Torture –Rape, Pillage, and Plunder –Lying –Chemical and Biological Weapons –Nuclear Weapons –Assassination of Military and/or Political Leaders