1. Seedless Reproduction -Compare and contrast the fundamental features of sexual and asexual reproduction. -Classify methods of reproduction as sexual or asexual.

2. SEEDLESS REPRODUCTION http://www.brainpop.com/science/diversityoflife /seedlessplants/ http://www.brainpop.com/science/diversityoflife /seedlessplants/ http://www.brainpop.com/science/diversityoflife /seedlessplants/ http://www.brainpop.com/science/diversityoflife /seedlessplants/

3. Vascular v. Nonvascular VascularNonvascular

4. Vascular v. Nonvascular Vascular Has roots Has stems Has leaves Has vascular bundles that can transport water Larger in side Is better able to store water in cells Nonvascular No roots No stems No leaves No vascular bundles, which means not able to transport water Smaller in size Must live in damp conditions

5. SPORES https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-xF83pHEx6Q

6. The Importance of Spores If you want to grow ferns and moss plants, you can’t buy seeds. They don’t produce seeds. If you want to grow ferns and moss plants, you can’t buy seeds. They don’t produce seeds. You can grow them from _____. You can grow them from _____. The ______ stage of these plants produces haploid spores in structures called spore cases. The ______ stage of these plants produces haploid spores in structures called spore cases. When the spore case breaks open, the spores are released and spread by wind and water. When the spore case breaks open, the spores are released and spread by wind and water. The spores can grow in plants that will produce sex cells. The spores can grow in plants that will produce sex cells.

7. Seedless Plants Seedless plants include ALL nonvascular plants and SOME vascular plants. Seedless plants include ALL nonvascular plants and SOME vascular plants. Nonvascular plants do not have structures that transport water and substances throughout the plant. Instead, water and substances simply move from cell to cell. Nonvascular plants do not have structures that transport water and substances throughout the plant. Instead, water and substances simply move from cell to cell. Vascular plants have tubelike cells that transport water and substances throughout the plant. Vascular plants have tubelike cells that transport water and substances throughout the plant.

8. Moss

9. Nonvascular Seedless Plants Mosses, liverworts, and hornworts are all nonvascular plants. The sporophyte stage of most nonvascular plants is so small it can be easily overlooked. Moss plants have a life cycle typical of how sexual reproduction occurs in this plant group.

10. The Moss Life Cycle Mosses that are green and low-growing masses are in the gametophyte stage. This stage produces the sex cells. Mosses that are green and low-growing masses are in the gametophyte stage. This stage produces the sex cells. Mosses that are brownnish stalks growing from the tip of the gametophyte plants are in the sporophyte stage. This stage does not carry out photosynthesis. Mosses that are brownnish stalks growing from the tip of the gametophyte plants are in the sporophyte stage. This stage does not carry out photosynthesis. It relies on the gametophyte for nutrients and water. It relies on the gametophyte for nutrients and water. On the tip of the stalk is a tiny capsule. On the tip of the stalk is a tiny capsule. Inside the capsule is millions of spores that have been produced. Inside the capsule is millions of spores that have been produced. If conditions are right, the capsule opens. The spores either fall to the ground or are blown away by the wind. If conditions are right, the capsule opens. The spores either fall to the ground or are blown away by the wind. New moss gametophytes can grown from each spore and the cycle begins again. New moss gametophytes can grown from each spore and the cycle begins again.

12. Nonvascular Plants and Asexual Reproduction Nonvascular plants also can reproduce asexually. Nonvascular plants also can reproduce asexually. If a piece of moss gametophyte breaks off, it can grow into a new plant. If a piece of moss gametophyte breaks off, it can grow into a new plant. Liverworts can form small balls of cells on the surface of the gametophyte plant. Liverworts can form small balls of cells on the surface of the gametophyte plant. These are carried away by water and grow into new gametophyte plants if they settle in a damp environment. These are carried away by water and grow into new gametophyte plants if they settle in a damp environment.

13. Vascular Seedless Plants Most vascular seedless plants are ferns. Most vascular seedless plants are ferns. Horsetails and club mosses are also included in this group. Horsetails and club mosses are also included in this group. All of these plants have avascular tissue or transport water from their roots to the rest of the plant. All of these plants have avascular tissue or transport water from their roots to the rest of the plant. Unlike the nonvascular plants, the gametophyte of vascular seedless plants is the part that is small and often overlooked. Unlike the nonvascular plants, the gametophyte of vascular seedless plants is the part that is small and often overlooked.

14. The Fern Life Cycle Fern leaves are called _____. Fern leaves are called _____. They grow from an underground stem called a _____. They grow from an underground stem called a _____. Roots that anchor the plant and absorb water and nutrients also grow from the rhizome. Roots that anchor the plant and absorb water and nutrients also grow from the rhizome. Fern sporophytes make their own food by photosynthesis. Fern sporophytes make their own food by photosynthesis. Fern spores are produced in structures called ____. Fern spores are produced in structures called ____.

15. The Fern Life Cycle If a fern spore lands on damp soil or rocks, in can grow into a small, green, heartshaped gametophyte plant called a ____. If a fern spore lands on damp soil or rocks, in can grow into a small, green, heartshaped gametophyte plant called a ____. This contains chlorophyll and can make its own food. This contains chlorophyll and can make its own food. It absorbs water and nutrients from the solid. It absorbs water and nutrients from the solid. Ferns may reproduce asexually, also. Fern rhizomes grow and form branches. Ferns may reproduce asexually, also. Fern rhizomes grow and form branches. New fronds and roots develop from each branch. New fronds and roots develop from each branch. The new rhizome branch can be separated from the main plant. The new rhizome branch can be separated from the main plant. It can grow on its own and form more fern plants. It can grow on its own and form more fern plants.