1. MUSICAL
PERIODS

2. Baroque Period 1600-1750 GERMANY, ITALY, ENGLAND, FRANCE
Bach - keyboard music, suites, cantatas
Handel - oratorios, operas, suites
Vivaldi - concertos (many for violin)

3. Baroque Period TITLE: Hallelujah Chorus, from Messiah (1741)
COMPOSER: George Frederick Handel
GENRE: oratorio
INSTR: soloists, chorus & orchestra
NOTES: - oratorio is a large musical work consisting of solos, duets, choruses
- unlike operas, they are not staged or acted, and often deal with sacred topics

4. Baroque Period CHARACTERISTICS FORMS: many new forms, including:
• concerto (features usually 1 instrument w/ orch) • opera (large-scale work for singers & orch) • oratorio (like opera, but sacred and no costumes or acting) • cantata (like oratorio, usually for special occasion)
• sonata (instrumental work; usually 3-4 parts) • fugue (highly polyphonic instrumental work) • suite (large-scale work for orchestra)

5. Baroque Period CHARACTERISTICS INSTRUMENTS:
• rise of instrumental music (voice still very common, but instruments become more popular; orchestra begins to form)
• strings, harpsichord, voice, organ, flute, oboe, french horn, timpani

6. ELEMENTS AND FEATURES:
Baroque Period
CHARACTERISTICS
ELEMENTS AND FEATURES:
• polyphonic texture
• religious music still very prominent (cantatas..)
• binary forms predominate
• terraced dynamics (no < >)
• improvisation (instrumentalists would be expected to add their own interpretation)
• ornamentation (trills...) used a great deal (as a way to make the melody more intricate or fancy)

7. 1750-1825 GERMANY/AUSTRIA, FRANCE, ITALY Haydn (1723-1809)
Classical Period
GERMANY/AUSTRIA, FRANCE, ITALY
Haydn ( )
104 symphonies; string quartets
Mozart ( )
41 symphonies; operas; piano works
Beethoven ( )
9 symphonies; piano sonatas

8. TITLE: Voi Che Sapete, from Marriage of Figaro (1786)
Classical Period
TITLE: Voi Che Sapete, from Marriage of Figaro (1786)
COMPOSER: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
GENRE: operatic aria
INSTR: soprano & orchestra
NOTES: - translates to ‘You who know (what love is)’
- arias (as opposed to recitatives) are more melodic and emotional; here, sung by the page (Cherubino), he describes his love for the Countess
- opera buffa (comic opera)

9. CHARACTERISTICS FORMS: • symphony • string quartet • sonata
Classical Period
CHARACTERISTICS
FORMS:
• symphony
• string quartet
• sonata
• theme & variations
• rondo (ABACA)
• minuet
• opera (Mozart)

10. add trumpet, clarinet, trombone
Classical Period
CHARACTERISTICS
INSTRUMENTS:
• to the orchestra:
add trumpet, clarinet, trombone

11. ELEMENTS AND FEATURES:
Classical Period
CHARACTERISTICS
ELEMENTS AND FEATURES:
• highly structured
• homophonic texture
• consonance
• aristocratic audience
• secular music
• ternary forms
• dynamics: < and >