1. Unit 9

3. Himalayas The Ganges River Basin The Indus River Basin The Deccan Plateau

4. Monsoons to the South and East; season heavy rainfall. Dry climates to the west (in Pakistan). Highland climates in the north (Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan).

5. To the people of India, the monsoons are a source of life. Seasonal reversal of winds that brings heavy rainfall. General onshore movement in summer. General offshore flow in winter. Very distinctive seasonal precipitation

6. Widespread flooding Property damage Destruction to agricultural lands Damage to transportation infrastructure Homelessness Disease Malnutrition Serious injury Death

7. Earthquakes Monsoons and Flooding Drought and Fires Tsunamis Typhoons

9. CluesData Population153,546,896 Median Age22.8 yrs Growth Rate2.022% Birth Rate28.86/1000 people Death Rate8/1000 people Infant Mortality Rate57.45/1000 live births Fertility Rate3.08 children/woman Life Expectancy63.21 yrs Per Capita GDP$1400 Arable Land55.39% Agriculture63% Industry11% Services26%

10. Slightly smaller than Iowa; mostly a river plain. Prone to flooding. A parliamentary democracy with six division. Population: 154 million people Languages: Bangla (Bengali) and English Formerly known as East Pakistan. Independent since 1971. Primarily Muslim

11. Per capital GDP: $1400 45% live below poverty line. Agriculture and Textiles are main industries. Cultivation of rice is the single most important agricultural activity. ONE OF THE WORLD’S POOREST AND LEAST DEVELOPED STATES Less than ½ million internet users

12. CluesData Population172,850,048 Median Age20.5 yrs Growth Rate1.999% Birth Rate28.35/1000 people Death Rate7.85/1000 people Infant Mortality Rate66.94/1000 live births Fertility Rate3.73 children/woman Life Expectancy64.13 yrs Per Capita GDP$2400 Arable Land24.44% Agriculture42% Industry20% Services38%

13. Twice the size of California A federal republic with 4 provinces, one territory, and 1 capital territory Population: 173 million people Languages: Urdu and English, however 48% speak Punjabi Formerly known as West Pakistan. Independent since 1947. Primarily Muslim

14. Per capita GDP: $2400 24% live below the poverty line. Agriculture and textiles are significant industries. 12 million Internet users

15. CluesData Population29,519,114 Median Age20.7 yrs Growth Rate2.095% Birth Rate29.92/1000 people Death Rate8.97/1000 people Infant Mortality Rate62/1000 live births Fertility Rate3.91 children/woman Life Expectancy60.94 yrs Per Capita GDP$1000 Arable Land16.07% Agriculture38% Industry20% Services42%

16. Size of Arkansas A parliamentary democracy with 14 zones Population: 30 million people Languages: Primarily Nepali Primarily Hindu with approximately 10% Buddhist

17. Per capita GDP: $1,000 31% live below poverty line Tourism is a significant industry. Only 250,000 Internet users

18. CluesData Population1,147,995,904 Median Age25.1yrs Growth Rate1.578% Birth Rate22.22/1000 people Death Rate6.4/1000 people Infant Mortality Rate32.31/1000 live births Fertility Rate2.76 children/woman Life Expectancy69.25 yrs Per Capital GDP$2600 Arable Land48.83% Agriculture60% Industry12% Services28%

19. ¾ of all South Asia land area; slightly more than 1/3 of the U.S. A federal republic consisting of 28 states, 6 Union Territories, and 1 National Capital Territory Population: 1.150 billion people 28% Urbanized 15 official languages. English and Hindi most common. Primarily Hindu

20. GDP per capita: $2600 25% live below poverty line A mixture of traditional village farming and modern agriculture Clothing and handicrafts are significant industry 60 million Internet users

21. CluesData Population21,128,722 Median Age30.4 yrs Growth Rate0.943% Birth Rate16.63/1000 people Death Rate6.07 /1000 people Infant Mortality Rate19.01/1000 live births Fertility Rate2.02 children/woman Life Expectancy74.97yrs Per Capita GDP$4000 Arable Land13.96% Agriculture11.7% Industry29.9% Services58.4%

22. Slightly larger than West Virginia Republic with 8 provinces Population: 21 million people Languages: Sinhala and Tamil Primarily Buddhist (70%) DIVISION: SOUTH (MAJORITY OF POPULATION) ARYAN BUDDHISTS SPEAK SINHALA (INDO- EUROPEAN) NORTH (18% OF THE POPULATION) DRAVIDIAN HINDU TAMIL LANGUAGE

23. GDP per capita: $4,000 22% live below poverty line Rubber, tea and coconuts are major agricultural products. 428,000 Internet users

24. CluesData Population682,321 Median Age23.5 yrs Growth Rate1.301% Birth Rate20.56/1000 people Death Rate7.54/1000 people Infant Mortality Rate51.92/1000 live births Fertility Rate2.48 children/woman Life Expectancy65.53 yrs Per Capita GDP$5,200 Arable Land2.3% Agriculture22% Industry37.9% Services39.8%

25. ½ the size of Indiana Absolute monarchy; constitutional monarchy expected in 2008 Population: 700 thousand people Official language: Dzongkha (pronounced “zonka”) Primarily Buddhist (75%)

26. GDP per capita: $5,200 32% live below poverty line Agriculture, cement, wood products and electricity are significant industries 30,000 Internet users

27. CluesData Population303,824,640 Median Age36.7 yrs Growth Rate0.883% Birth Rate14.18/1000 people Death Rate8.27/1000 people Infant Mortality Rate6.3/1000 live births Fertility Rate2.1 children/woman Life Expectancy78.14 yrs Per Capita GDP$45,800 Arable Land18.01% Agriculture1.2% Industry19.8% Services79%

28. INDEPENDENCE & PARTITION JAMMU & KASHMIR faced with the choice of joining either Hindu India or Muslim Pakistan. KASHMIR – Hindu Maharaja but Muslim population. 1947 – Pakistani tribesmen invade Maharaja flees to Delhi and Indian troops move in. Fighting continues today although there is an official cease-fire.

30. A culturally fragmented realm Religious and linguistic diversity Religious Patterns Islam is predominant in Pakistan and Bangladesh (165 million in India). Hinduism is predominant in India. Sikhism thrives in northern India. Buddhism is predominant in Sri Lanka.

31. Where an early culture emerged and developed Arts and trade routes emerged from isolated tribes and villages to towns and beyond. Hinduism emerged from the beliefs and practices brought to India by the Indo-Europeans (Aryans). (6th century BC) Buddhism emerged during the 6 th century BC; made the state religion of India in 3rd century BC Islam sweeps through central India from the 8th - 10th centuries AD

32. HINDUISM One of the world’s oldest religions. Culture hearth of the Indus River. Diffused south and east down the Ganges. Absorbed and eventually supplanted earlier native religions and customs.

33. Not just a religion; also a culture in itself. An intricate web of religious, philosophical, social, economic, and artistic elements. No common creed. No single doctrine (Upanishads, Vedas, Puranas, Bhagavad Gita, etc.).

34. Three main ideas are important in understanding the Hindu religion and the caste system Reincarnation Karma Dharma

35. Every living thing has a soul. When a living thing dies, its soul moves into another living creature. Souls are reborn in a newly created life.

36. Every action brings about certain results. There is no escaping the consequences of one’s actions. Good behavior is rewarded when the soul is reborn into a higher ranking living creature.

37. A set of rules that must be followed by all living things if they wish to work their way up the ladder of reincarnation. Each person’s dharma is different.

38. Puja or worship Cremation of the dead Regulations of the caste system THREE BASIC PRACTICES

39. Siddhartha Gautama (563 - 483 B.C.) Emperor Ashoka of India (3rd Century B.C.) – favored Buddhism and promoted it’s diffusion across Asia.

40. Adherents objected to harsher features of Hinduism Focuses on knowledge, especially self-knowledge Elimination of worldly desires, determination not to hurt or kill people or animals

41. Sorrow and suffering are part of all life. People suffer because they desire things they cannot have. The way to escape suffering is to end desire, to stop wanting, and to reach a stage of not wanting. To end desire, follow the “middle path,” i.e., the path that avoids the extremes of too much pleasure and desire. Nothing is guaranteed except Death & Taxes

42. Right understanding Right purpose Right speech Right conduct Right means of earning a living Right effort Right awareness Right meditation

43. Hinduism - broad and tolerant, accepting many of the teachings of Buddha Buddhists in India - willing to compromise with the beliefs and customs of Hinduism Final blow - 8th century - arrival of Islam -- Destroyed the great Buddhist monasteries -- Burned libraries -- Killed monks Today - only 1 million Buddhists in India

44. ISLAM Monotheistic No idols One sacred book Uniform dogma - 5 pillars Intolerant (of other religions) Eat beef/Sacrifice cows Bury Dead Social Equality (in theory) Theocratic society HINDUISM Polytheistic Many idols Various sacred writings Varying beliefs Absorbed other religions Venerate cows Burn dead (& alive) Caste separation “State” of secondary importance