1. Film

3. How Film is Constructed

4. Black and white paper is what we call “orthochromatic” which is basically a fancy word for “red blind.” This is why you can print black and white in a darkroom with the redlight on, allowing for minimal vision, whereas when printing color you must remain in total darkness. Most black and white film today is panchromatic, which means it is sensitive to all colors of the visible light spectrum. The layer composition of black and white film is simpler:

5. Film ISO and Uses

6. Developers, Times and Temperatures

8. Film Grain

9. How Black and White Film sees Colors

10. Chemicals & Equipment for Developing

11. Developing Tank

12. What you need to develop film

14. Negative Strip

15. Contact Sheet

20. Test Strip for Contact Sheet

21. Test Strip for Enlargements