1. An optical illusion of movement using 2D and 3D art.

2.  This is a common flip book and was an early popular animation devices invented during the 19th century.

3.  A thaumatrope is a toy that was popular in Victorian times. A disk or card with a picture on each side is attached to two pieces of string. When the strings are twirled quickly between the fingers the two pictures appear to combine into a single image.

4.  Invented by Thomas Edison  NOT a movie projector  Designed for films to be viewed individually through the window of a cabinet housing its components.

5.  The animation studio was first established on October 16, 1923. ◦ Steamboat Mickey  This was the same time sound was introduced to film  First Full Length animated feature was: ◦ Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs

6.  Called cel animation or hand-drawn animation  The individual frames of a traditionally animated film are photographs of drawings, which are first drawn on paper.  To create the illusion of movement, each drawing differs slightly from the one before it.  Eadweard Muybridge rotoscoped his traditional animations.

7.  The process of producing high-quality traditionally animated films  Detailed drawings and plausible movement. ◦ Realistic: Beauty and the Beast, Lion King ◦ More Cartoony: The Iron Giant  High Production Value

8.  Less detailed and/or more stylized drawings and methods of movement.  Web cartoons or cartoon TV shows.  Mass Produce at less cost and time.  Examples: Spongebob Squarepants, Japanese animation.

9.  Patented by Max Fleishner in 1917  The animators trace live-action movement, frame by frame.  The source film can be directly copied from actors' outlines into animated drawings. ◦ Scanner Darkly and Lord of the Rings

10.  Combining hand-drawn characters into live action shots.  Set has to be moved with animation. ◦ Who Framed Roger Rabbit, Space Jams

11.  animation created by physically manipulating real-world objects and photographing them one frame of film at a time to create the illusion of movement. ◦ Puppet Animation: The Nightmare Before Christmas ◦ Claymation: Gumby ◦ Cut-out Animation: South Park ◦ Model Animation: King Kong

12.  2D Animation figures are created and/or edited on the computer using 2D bitmap graphics or created and edited using 2D Vector Graphics.  3D Animation is digitally modeled and manipulated by an animator. To manipulate a mesh, it is given a digital skeletal structure that can be used to control the mesh. This process is called rigging.  CGI: Computer Generated Images