1. METALS
AND
NON-METALS

2. INTRODUCTION
Elements can be classified as : METALS NON METALS on the basis of their properties…

3. METALS
A metal is a chemical element that is a good conductor of both electricity and heat and forms cations and ionic bonds with non-metals. In chemistry, a metal is an element, compound, or alloy characterized by high electrical conductivity. In a metal, atoms readily lose electrons to form positive ions (cations). Those ions are surrounded by delocalized electrons, which are responsible for the conductivity. The solid thus produced is held by electrostatic interactions between the ions and the electron cloud, which are called metallic bonds.

4. PROPERTIES OF METALS
MALLEABILITY-metals can be hammered into sheets. DUCTILITY -metals can be drawn into wires. LUSTRE -metals can reflect light. HIGH DENSITY -most metals have high density except for lithium. HIGH MELTING AND BOILING POINT -most metals have highmelting and boiling points. GOOD CONDUCTORS -metals are good conductors of heat and electricity because of free electrons.

5. MALLEABILITY
This property of metals enables it to change its form through compression without cracking or breaking that is, a metal can be made into sheets..
A solid gold sheet can be made into an ornament..

6. DUCTILITY
It refers to a material's ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the material's ability to be stretched into a wire..
Coil of silver wire

7. LUSTRE
Metallic lustre refers to the shiny coating or covering possessed by various metals. It means that the metal and its surface have light-reflective qualities..
silver cup

8. DENSITY
The density of a material is defined as its mass per unit volume. The density of metals is very high exept for lithium…
Lithium (low density)
Iridium (high density)

9. CONDUCTIVITY
Conductivity of metal is the ability or power to conduct or transmit heat, electricity, or sound..
Silver (highly conductive)
Titanium (lowly conductive)

10. HIGH MELTING AND BOILING POINT
Most metals have high melting and boiling points because in metals there is a very strong intermolecular force of attraction and it needs a lot of energy to melt or to boil…
Rhenium (high MP)
Tungsten (high BP)

11. NON- METALS
A chemical element that is not a metal , for example ; carbon or oxygen . Non-metals are solids and gases and are not good conductors of heat and electricity..
Chemical elements that form negative ions, have acidic oxides, and are generally poor conductors of heat and electricity are called non metals..

12. PROPERTIES OF NON -METALS
SOFT IN NATURE- Non metals like phosphorous and sulphur are generally soft..
NON-LUSTROUS - most non metals do not reflect light.
LOW MELTING AND BOILING POINT- nonmetals have low melting and boiling points..
BAD CONDUCTIVITY - most metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity..

13. SOFT IN NATURE
Most metals are soft and can be cut with a knife (solids like sodium)or disturbed(liquids like water)
Phosphorus

14. NON-LUSTROUS Nonmetals are dull because they do not reflect light…
Rubidium

15. LOW MELTING AND BOILING POINT
Most nonmetals have low boiling and melting points…
Calcium has a low melting point(393k)

16. BAD CONDUCTIVITY
Nonmetals are usually bad conductors of heat and electricity…
Boron

17. CONCLUSION
Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity while Non metals are not..mercury is the only metal that does ‘nt conduct electricity and graphite is the only non metal which conduct electricity..
Metals have the valance electrons of either 1,2 or3,while Non metals have more than 3.. (just take an example of sodium, magnesium and aluminium . sodium-2,8,1.magnesium-2,8,2.aluminium-2,8,3… but if we consider carbon , carbon has 2,8,4.here the valance electron in metals we saw that are 1,2 or 3.while in carbon which is a non-metal has the 4 electrons in its outermost shell.).. Metals always form ionic bond by losing its electrons and completing its octet , while Non-metals form bond by covalent bond by sharing its electrons to complete its octet.