2. Presenting:

3. THE CELL WALL PRESENTED BY: DeVaughn Patterson and Jason Palonis

4. Functions of the Cell Wall Found outside cell membrane it lends the cell stability, it determines its shape, influences its development, acts as a filtering mechanism, protects the cell against pathogens (viruses, bacteria, fungi, etc.) counterbalances the osmotic pressure.

5. So what has a Cell Wall ?

6. Cell Walls are found in Plants, Fungi, Algae, some Archaea and Bacteria. * Protozoa and Animals do NOT have cell walls.

7. So what has a Cell Wall ? -and- What are Cell Walls made of?

8. -Plants have Cell Walls Eukaryotic

9. Plants actually have 2 Cell Walls In plants, the strongest component of the complex cell wall is a carbohydrate called cellulose, which is a polymer of glucose. Primary Cell Wall- generally a thin, flexible and extensible layer formed while the cell is growing. Secondary Cell Wall- a thick layer formed inside the primary cell wall after the cell is fully grown. Strengthens and waterpoofs the wall. *It is NOT found in all cell types. Middle Lamella- a layer rich in pectins, glues 2 adjacent cell walls together.

10. -Fungi have Cell Walls Eukaryotic Fungi possess cell walls made of the glucosamine polymer chitin. (a derivative of glucose). True fungi do not have cellulose in their cell walls

11. -Algae have Cell Walls Eukaryotic Algae typically possess walls made of glycoproteins and polysaccharides.

12. - some Archaen have Cell Walls Prokaryotic Archaean cell walls have various compositions. May be formed of glycoprotein or polysaccharides. Unlike Bacteria, all Archaen cell walls lack peptidoglycan.

13. -Bacteria have Cell Walls Prokaryotic In bacteria, peptidoglycan forms the cell wall. Peptidoglycan- is a carbohydrate matrix (polysaccharides + protein) The Stealth Pathogen A Very Sneaky Bacteria DEFICIENT

14. Cell Wall Deficient Forms “ The Stealth Pathogen” The term stealth pathogens refers to bacteria that have cell walls that are deficient in shape, structure, rigidity, and/or layering. Almost unrecognizable, and omnipresent They are capable of considerable shape-changing * Shape change enables these bacteria to easily move DNA between cells. This allows groups of bacteria to fuse together, = disease-causing combinations. Examples: -MS -Rheumatoid arthritis, along with other forms of arthritis -Meningitis -Urinary tract infections -Heart valve infection -Eye inflammations -and a host of other maladies

15. * Cell Walls are found in Plants, Fungi, Algae, some Archaea and Bacteria. * Cell Walls are made of various carbohydrates and proteins. TO RECAP: & To Get Us Back On Track-

16. So what does NOT have a Cell Wall Here’s a Hint: Protozoa and….

17. So what does NOT have a Cell Wall Animals and Protozoa do NOT have Cell Walls. THIS INCLUDES YOU TOO!!!! The End.