1. Animation Programs Alice

2. Overview 4-step process for creating animations Step 1: Understand Problem Step 2: Design Step 3: Implementation Step 4: Test

3. Programming Methodology Understand the problem and think about a strategy for a solution Create an algorithm to solve the problem Storyboards are helpful for problems involving animation Implement the algorithm Test and refine

4. Step 1 & 2: The Problem Decide on the problem to be solved Often the problem to be solved is given to you by your instructor, team leader, etc. Other times, you get to make it up! We will practice both Design a solution We will use a storyboard design

5. An example problem (scenario) The scenario is: Several snow-people are outdoors, on a snow- covered landscape. A snowman is trying to meet a snowwoman who is talking with a group of her friends (other snowwomen.) He says “Ahem" and blinks his eyes, trying to get her attention. The problem is: How can we create this animation?

6. Designing a solution First decide on the objects that will be in the scene. Then, create a storyboard. A "storyboard" is a representation of what actions are going to take place in the animation A storyboard can take two forms sketches textual "to do" lists

7. Sketch Objects: A snowman and a snowwoman (and possibly other snowpeople) Opening Scene: a snowy scene A quick sketch:

8. A Storyboard Initial scene Snowman tries to catch snowwoman’s attention Snowwoman looks around

9. Storyboard in Text Form Animation Artists (for example, at Disney or Pixar Studios) sketch their storyboards You might not have such expertise, so here is a textual form that can be used: This is like a "to-do" list. Snowman turns to face snowwoman. Snowman “makes eyes” and calls out to snowwoman. Snowwoman turns around.

10. Step 3: Implementation Implementing an animation requires Setting Up the Initial Scene in Alice Writing the Program (Script)

11. Create Initial Scene

12. Techniques and Tools Mouse is used to set up the initial scene approximately position objects in the scene Camera Navigation is used to set the camera point of view Drop-down menu methods are used to resize objects more precisely position objects in the scene Scene Editor's Layout Manager is used to obtain specific alignments position one object relative to another object

13. Writing A Program "Writing" a program (script) a list of instructions to have the objects perform certain actions in the animation

14. Writing the Program Our storyboard (to-do list) is: The idea now is to translate the design steps to program instructions. Snowman turns to face snowwoman. Snowman “makes eyes” and calls out to snowwoman. Snowwoman turns around.

15. Translating the Design Some steps in the storyboard can be written as a single instruction The snowman turns to face the snowwoman Other steps are composite actions that require more than one instruction The snowman tries to catch the snowwoman’s attention is two actions Snowman says “ahem” Snowman raises and lowers his eyes

16. Actions Control Structures Signals a change in the flow of the program examples DO IN ORDER and DO TOGETHER Specifies if the actions are to be performed in order, or simultaneously

17. Actions Sequential Some actions occur one after the other first step (snowman turns to face snowwoman) second step (snowman tries to get snowwoman’s attention) Simultaneous Other actions occur at the same time Snowman says "Ahem" and while simultaneously blinking his eyes

18. Action Blocks in Alice Sequential Action Block Simultaneous Action Block

19. Write the Animation Program 1.Understand the problem 2.Plan an algorithm 3.Implement your plan 4.Test you program

20. Coding the first 3 steps Things to note: Nesting of DoTogether and DoInOrder blocks Arguments for the move instruction direction distance

21. Step 4: Testing An important step in creating a program is to run it – to be sure it does what you expect it to do. We recommend that you use an incremental development process: write a few lines of code and then run it write a few more lines and run it write a few more lines and run it… This process allows you to find any problems and fix them as you go along.

22. Comments While Alice instructions are easy to understand, it is often desirable to be able to explain (in English) what is going on in a program We use comments to explain to the human reader what a particular section of code does

23. Elements of Visual Programming Animation Programs23 Comments Notes: 1) Comments appear in green 2) Alice ignores comments. 3) Comments make the program easier to read.

26. Assignment Read Chapter 2 sections 1 and 2 Scenarios and Storyboards A First Program Read Tips & Techniques 2 Orientation and Movement Instructions

27. Lab 02 Exercises from 2-1 and 2-2