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Medical Assisting Chapter 2
PowerPoint® to accompany Medical Assisting Chapter 2 Second Edition Ramutkowski • Booth • Pugh • Thompson • Whicker Chapter 2 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
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Types of Medical Practice
Objectives 2-1 Describe medical specialties and specialists. 2-2 Explain the purpose of the American Board of Medical Specialists. 2-3 Describe the duties of several types of allied health professionals with whom medical assistants may work. 2-4 Name professional associations that may help advance a medical assistant’s career.
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Medical Specialties Approximately 22 major medical specialties exists
Specialized medical care is driven by advances in diagnosing and treating various diseases Cardiology Pediatrics Adult Note: Cardiology = specialty Pediatrics & Adult = subspecialty
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Physician Education & Licensure
Obtain Bachelor’s Degree Graduate from an Accredited Medical School Pass the U.S. Medical Licensing Exam Complete 2-6 years of Residency
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Family Practice Medical doctors that treat all conditions and age groups Also called general practitioners or primary care physicians by insurance companies Refers patients to specialists for specific diseases requiring specialized care
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Medical Specialists Specialist Functions Allergist
Diagnose and treat persons with hypersensitivity to substances like drugs, chemicals, and elements in nature Anesthesiologist Administers medications that alter sensation and feelings during surgery Cardiologist Diagnose and treat diseases of the heart and blood vessels
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Medical Specialists (cont.)
Functions Dermatologist Diagnose and treat diseases of the skin, hair, and nails Doctor of Osteopathy Use their eyes and hands to identify structural problems and promote natural healing Emergency Medicine Work in hospital emergency rooms Diagnose and treat medical crisis and accidents
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Medical Specialists (cont.)
Functions Endocrinologist Diagnose and treat disorders of the endocrine system which regulates many body functions Gastroenterologist Diagnose and treat disorders related to the stomach, intestines, and other organs Gerontologist Diagnose and treat problems and diseases affecting older adults
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Medical Specialists (cont.)
Function Internist Diagnose and treat problems related to internal organs Nephrologist Study, manage, and diagnose diseases of the kidney Neurologist Diagnose and treat disorders and diseases of the nervous system Obstetrics Study pregnancy, labor and delivery, and postpartum
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Medical Specialists (cont.)
Function Oncologist Identify and treat patients with cancer Ophthalmologist Diagnose and treat diseases and disorders of the eye Orthopedist Diagnose and treat diseases and disorders of muscles and bones Otorhinolaryngogolist Diagnose and treat ear, nose, and throat disorders
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Medical Specialists (cont.)
Function Pathologist Studies bodily changes produced by disease processes Pediatrician Diagnose and treat childhood diseases Physiatrists Diagnose and treat diseases and disorders with physical therapy Plastic Surgeon Performs reconstruction, correction, and improvement of body structures
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Medical Specialists (cont.)
Function Radiologist Uses X rays and radioactive substances to diagnose and treat diseases Surgeon Uses their hands and instruments to diagnose, correct, and treat injuries, diseases, and deformities Urologist Diagnose and treat diseases of the kidneys, bladder, and urinary system
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Apply Your Knowledge Name the medical specialists who would be involved in the care of a 6-month-old infant with massive burns over 90% of his body? Indicate how each specialist will contribute to the care for this situation.
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Apply Your Knowledge -Answer
Pediatrician 6-month-old infant Plastic Surgeon Skin grafting Dermatologist Skin, hair, and nail repair Emergency Medicine Treats medical crisis
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Working With Other Allied Health Professionals
Doctors Nurses Medical Assistants Health Care Team Members Patients Specialists
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Electroencephalographic (EEG) Technologist
Electroencephalography is the study and recording of the brain electrical activity. EEG technologists are also referred to as technicians. EEG technicians work in hospitals, physician’s offices, and clinics.
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Electrocardiograph (ECG) Technician
ECG Technicians operate electrocardiograph machines that record the heart’s electrical impulses ECG Technicians work in hospitals
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Medical Technology Medical Technologist
Perform lab tests and procedures such as examining body fluids and tissues Have a 4-year degree Work in clinics, industry, hospitals, research, etc. Medical Laboratory Technician (MLT) Perform lab tests under supervision of physicians or medical technologists Have 1 to 2 year degrees Work in hospital labs, clinics, etc.
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Physician Assistant (PA)
Provides direct patient care under the supervision of a licensed physician Training requirements vary, many states require certification and registration with the state medical board Works in a variety of settings such as private practice, nursing homes, hospitals, etc. Some states allow them to write prescriptions
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Nuclear Medicine Technologist
Complete either a 2-year or 4-year program Work in hospitals, physician offices, or public health institutions Duties include: Overseeing quality control Prepare & administer radioactive drugs Operate radiation detection instruments Patient positioning Performing imaging procedures
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Respiratory Therapist
Works under the supervision of a physician Works in hospitals, physician offices, nursing homes, and commercial companies Evaluates, treats and cares for patients with respiratory problems such as: Asthma Emphysema Pneumonia Bronchitis
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Medical Secretary Assist medical, professional, and technical personnel Work in hospitals, clinics, medical offices, and nursing homes Perform secretarial and clerical duties such as: Typing Dictation Maintaining files Using word processors to compose and prepare letters
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Physical Therapist (PT)
Has a bachelor’s degree in physical therapy Must pass a state board examination May work in hospitals, rehabilitation centers, outpatient clinics, private practice, or sports medicine center Improve patient functioning by using: Electricity and heat Cold Ultrasound & massage Exercise
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Medical Records Technologist
Organize and evaluate medical records Compile administrative and health statistics, code symptoms, and input and retrieve computerized health data Two types are: Registered Records Administrator (RRA) Accredited Records Technician (ART)
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Phlebotomist Draw blood for diagnostic laboratory testing
Receive advanced phlebotomy training that allows them to draw blood under difficult circumstances Most states require phlebotomists to be certified by the National Phlebotomy Association or registered by the American Society of Clinical Pathologists
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Radiologic Technician
Trained in x-ray theory and practical applications as well as radioactive materials May specialize in radiation therapy, radiography, or nuclear medicine Work in: Hospitals Clinics Medical Laboratories Medical Practices
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Radiographer Also called x-ray technician
Assists radiologist in taking x-ray films to diagnose broken bones, tumors, ulcers and disease Works in: Hospitals Laboratories Clinics Industry Government Agencies Physician Offices
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Pharmacist Dispense medications and health supplies to the public
Employed in hospitals, clinics, nursing homes, pharmaceutical companies, private or chain pharmacies 3-levels of educational training for pharmacy careers
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Registered Dietitian Also called nutritionists
Assists patients and family with nutrition planning May prepare and serve food to groups Work settings include: Community Health Agencies Hospitals Clinics Private Practices Teaching and serving as Consultants
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Nursing Careers Training Sample Duties Nursing Aide/ Assistant
1 week to 3 months Bed making Vital signs Bathing Patients Practical/ Vocational Nurse 1 year Vital Signs Medication Administration Dressing Changes Assist registered nurses & physicians
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Registered Nurse (RN) Title Training Associate Degree RN (ADN) 2 years
Diploma RN 3 years Baccalaureate RN (BSN) 4 years
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Nurse Practitioner (NP)
An RN that functions in an expanded role Requires a minimum of a Master’s Degree and 4 to 12 months of formal training or an apprenticeship Duties include: Physical Examinations Treating Common illnesses & injuries Many states allow NP’s to write prescriptions Patient Education
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Mental Health Technician
Also called psychiatric aide or counselor Participates in supervising group therapy and counseling sessions Works with emotionally disturbed and mentally retarded patients in settings such as: Psychiatric Clinics Crisis Centers & Shelters Hospital Psychiatric Units Specialized Nursing Home Settings
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Occupational Therapist
Helps patients attain maximum physical and mental health through the use of educational, vocational and rehabilitation activities Have a 4-year degree plus 9 to 12 months internship at an accredited hospital Work settings include: Hospital Government agency Rehabilitation Hospital
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Medical Transcriptionist
Translate a physician’s dictation about patient treatments into a comprehensive, typed report Work settings include: Attorney Offices Insurance Companies Hospitals Physician Offices Clinics Laboratories
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Apply Your Knowledge If you had to choose other health team members to plan the care for a 68-year old patient recently diagnosed with a stroke, who has a history of seizure disorders, which would you choose, and why?
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Apply Your Knowledge -Answer
Physical Therapist-for decreased mobility due to stroke Pharmacist-medications Nutritionist-dietary modifications EEG-check brain electrical activities Nurse (RN & CNA) Other answers may be acceptable!
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Specialty Career Options
Anesthetist’s Assistant Provide anesthetic care under direct supervision of the anesthetist Work in hospitals and high-technology surgical centers Assist in evaluating patient mental and physical status Dental Assistant Can practice without formal education or training Perform both administrative and lab functions Work in private practice, clinics, schools, local health agencies, and for insurance companies
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Specialty Career Options (cont.)
Pediatric Medical Assistant Assist the pediatrician with administrative and clinical duties Work in private practice, hospitals, and clinics Pharmacy Technician Perform routine tasks related to record keeping and preparing and dispensing medications Work in hospitals, pharmaceutical firms, and wholesale pharmacies
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Specialty Career Options (cont.)
Emergency Medical Technician/Paramedic Referred to as an EMT Trained to triage patients and follow instructions from a physician Work for an ambulance service, fire department, hospital emergency rooms, and private industry Surgeon’s Assistant Complete a 2-year or 4-year degree Provide patient services under direct supervision of a surgeon Perform diagnostic and therapeutic procedures Work in hospitals primarily
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Specialty Career Options (cont.)
Ophthalmic Assistant Assists ophthalmologists Performs simple vision testing and other patient care procedures 3 Ophthalmic Career levels: Technologist Technician Assistant Physical Therapy Assistant Works directly under the physical therapist Performs tests and treatment procedures Observes and documents patient responses to therapy Works in hospitals, rehabilitation centers, nursing homes, etc.
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Specialty Career Options (cont.)
Radiation Therapy Technologist Assists the radiologist Maintains radiation treatment equipment Completes a 2-or 4- year education program Works in hospitals, labs, clinics, and physician offices Respiratory Therapy Technician Works under supervision of physician and respiratory therapist Performs artificial ventilation and maintains respiratory equipment Works in hospitals, physician offices, nursing homes, etc.
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Specialty Career Options (cont.)
Speech/Language Pathologist Evaluate, diagnose, and counsel patients with communication problems like stuttering Usually have a Master’s Degree Work in schools, hospitals, research settings, teach, or private practice Certified Laboratory Assistant Perform lab procedures such as bacteriology, chemistry, hematology, parasitology, serology, and urinalysis Are supervised by medical technologists or hospital pathologists Work in labs, clinics, physician offices, etc.
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Specialty Career Options (cont.)
Occupational Therapist Assistant Supervised by occupational therapists Teach fine motor skills, occupations & the arts to patients with mental & physical disabilities Earn a 2-year degree Pathologist Assistant Supervised by a pathologist Some work with forensic and/or anatomic pathologists Perform laboratory duties and some administrative functions
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Professional Associations
American Association of Medical Assistants (AAMA) American Association for Medical Transcription (AAMT) American College of Physicians (ACP) American Hospital Association (AHA) American Medical Association (AMA)
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Professional Associations
American Medical Technologist (AMT) American Pharmaceutical Association (APhA) American Society of Clinical Pathologists (ASCP) American Society of Phlebotomy Technicians (ASPI)
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Apply Your Knowledge -Answer
Which of the professional organizations listed below are primarily for the role (s) of medical assistants? AMA ASCP x AAMT AAMA AHA ACP AMT APhA
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The End The End
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