1. Morbidity & Mortality: 2012 Chart Book on Cardiovascular, Lung, and
Blood Diseases
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
February, 2012

2. Chapter 3 – Cardiovascular Diseases
The term cardiovascular diseases is used here to mean:
Diseases and congenital malformations of the circulatory system as coded in the ICD.
Coronary heart disease
Heart failure
Cardiomyopathy
Atrial fibrillation
Cerebrovascular disease (stroke)
Hypertensive disease
Peripheral artery disease
Congenital malformations of the circulatory system

3. Chart 3–1 Deaths From Cardiovascular Diseases, Percent by Subgroup, U
Chart 3–1 Deaths From Cardiovascular Diseases, Percent by Subgroup, U.S., 2008
Heart Failure
(Underlying)* 7.0%
Diseases of Arteries 3.4%
Hypertensive Diseases
7.5%
Coronary Heart Disease
49.9%
Other Cardiovascular
Diseases 15.6%
Stroke
16.5%
* Heart failure as an underlying cause or otherwise mentioned on the death certificate accounted for 35% (281,437) of
total CVD deaths.
Total deaths = 811,940 (100%), including 3,415 due to congenital CVD defects.
Compiled from Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

4. Chart 3–2 Deaths From Heart Disease, Percent by Subgroup, U.S., 2008
Other 3.9%
Cardiomyopathy 1.0%
Rhythmic 5.7%
Heart Failure
(Underlying)* 6.9%
Rheumatic/Congenital
8.0%
Other Coronary Heart Disease
43.8%
Hypertensive
9.2%
Acute Myocardial Infarction 21.6%
* Heart failure as an underlying cause or otherwise mentioned on the death certificate accounted for 45% (281,437) of
total heart disease deaths.
Total deaths = 619,574 (100%), including 2,746 due to congenital CVD defects.
Compiled from Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

5. Chart 3–3 Deaths From Stroke, Percent by Subgroup, U.S., 2008
Cerebral Infarction
4.9%
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 4.1%
Other Cerebrovascular
17.6%
Unspecified
52.7%
Other Hemorrhage
20.7%
Total Deaths = 134,148 (100%)
* Compiled from Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

6. Chart 3–5 Change in Age-Adjusted Death Rates
Chart 3–5 Change in Age-Adjusted Death Rates* for CV and Non-CV Diseases, U.S., 1950–2008
Percent Change
ICD ICD ICD ICD ICD-10
Year
* The comparability ratio was applied to death rates reported for 1979–1998.
 CV: Cardiovascular.

7. Chart 3–9 Deaths & Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1979–2008
Deaths in Thousands (Bar) Deaths/100,000 Population (Line)
Year

8. Chart 3–10 Percent of All Deaths Due to Cardiovascular Diseases
Chart 3–10 Percent of All Deaths Due to Cardiovascular Diseases* by Age, U.S., 2008
Percent of All Deaths
Age (Years)
* Includes congenital malformations of the circulatory system.

9. Chart 3–11 Death Rates. for Cardiovascular Diseases by State, U. S
Deaths/100,000 Population
* Age-adjusted.
 Excludes congenital malformations of the circulatory system.

10. Chart 3–12 Percent Decline in CVD. Death Rates by State, U. S
* CVD: Cardiovascular diseases. Excludes congenital malformations of circulatory system.
 Age-adjusted.

11. Chart 3–13 Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Heart Disease by Race/Ethnicity & Sex, U.S., 2008
Deaths/100,000 Population
* Non-Hispanic.

12. Chart 3–14 Death Rates for Heart Disease in Males by Age & Race/Ethnicity, U.S., 2008
Deaths/100,000 Population
Age (Years)
* Non-Hispanic.

13. Chart 3–15 Death Rates for Heart Disease in Females by Age & Race/Ethnicity, U.S., 2008
Deaths/100,000 Population
Age (Years)
* Non-Hispanic.

14. Chart 3–16 Prevalence. of Acute MI by Race & Sex, Ages 25–74, U. S
Chart 3–16 Prevalence* of Acute MI by Race & Sex, Ages 25–74, U.S.,1971–1975 to 2005–2008
Percent of Population
* Age-adjusted.
 MI: Myocardial infarction.

15. Chart 3–17 Prevalence of Acute Myocardial Infarction by Age & Sex, U.S., 1999–2008
Percent of Population
Age (Years)

16. Chart 3–18 Prevalence of Acute Myocardial Infarction by Age & Race, U
Chart 3–18 Prevalence of Acute Myocardial Infarction by Age & Race, U.S., 1999–2008
Percent of Population
Age (Years)

17. Chart 3–19 Prevalence of Angina Pectoris by Age & Sex, U.S., 2001–2008
Percent of Population
Age (Years)

18. Chart 3–20 Prevalence of Angina Pectoris by Age & Race, U. S
Percent of Population
Age (Years)

19. Chart 3–21 Emergency Department Visit Rates for CHD. by Sex, U. S
Chart 3–21 Emergency Department Visit Rates for CHD* by Sex, U.S., 1997–1999 to 2006–2008
Visits/10,000 Population
Years
* CHD: Coronary heart disease.

20. Chart 3–22 Hospitalization Rates for Acute MI. , Ages 45–64 & ≥ 65, U
Chart 3–22 Hospitalization Rates for Acute MI*, Ages 45–64 & ≥ 65, U.S., 1965–2009
Hospitalizations/10,000 Population
Ages (Years):
Year
* MI: Myocardial infarction.
 Break represents change in National Hospital Discharge Survey design in 1988.

21. Chart 3–23 Hospital Case-Fatality Rates for Acute MI
Chart 3–23 Hospital Case-Fatality Rates for Acute MI*, Ages < 65 & ≥ 65, U.S., 1970–2009
Percent Discharged Dead
Year
* MI: Myocardial infarction.
 Break represents change in National Hospital Discharge Survey design in 1988.

22. Chart 3–24 Age-Adjusted Death Rates for CHD. , Actual & Expected, U. S
Deaths/100,000 Population
Year
* CHD: Coronary heart disease.

23. -*White -*Black -Hispanic -American Indian -Asian
Chart 3–25 Age-Adjusted Death Rates for CHD by Race/Ethnicity & Sex, U.S., 1999–2008
Deaths/100,000 Population
-*White -*Black -Hispanic -American Indian -Asian
Male Female
Year
 CHD: Coronary heart disease.
* Non-Hispanic.

24. Chart 3–26 Age-Adjusted Death Rates for CHD by Race & Sex, U. S
Deaths/100,000 Population
ICD ICD ICD ICD ICD-10
Year
 CHD: Coronary heart disease.
* Nonwhite from 1950 to 1967.

25. Chart 3–27 Deaths & Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Coronary Heart Disease, U.S., 1980–2008
Deaths in Thousands (Bar) Deaths/100,000 Population (Line)
Year

26. Chart 3–29 Percent Decline Annually in CHD Death Rates by Age, Race, Sex, US., 1998-2008
Black
Male
White
Male
Age (Years)
Black
Female
White
Female
 CHD: Coronary heart disease.

27. Chart 3-30 Age-Adjusted Death Rates for CHD by Race/Ethnicity & Sex, U.S., 2008
Deaths/100,000 Population
 CHD: Coronary heart disease.
* Non-Hispanic.

28. Chart 3–31 Death Rates for CHD in Males by Age & Race/Ethnicity, U. S
Deaths/100,000 Population
 CHD: Coronary heart disease.
* Non-Hispanic.
Age (Years)

29. Chart 3–32 Death Rates for CHD in Females by Age & Race/Ethnicity, U
Chart 3–32 Death Rates for CHD in Females by Age & Race/Ethnicity, U.S., 2008
Deaths/100,000 Population
 CHD: Coronary heart disease.
* Non-Hispanic.
Age (Years)

30. Chart 3–33 Age-Adjusted Death Rates for CHD* by State, U.S., 2005–2007
Deaths/100,000 Population
* CHD: Coronary heart disease.

31. Chart 3–34 Age-Adjusted Death Rates
Chart 3–34 Age-Adjusted Death Rates* for CHD by Country & Sex, Ages 35–74, 2006–2009
* Age-adjusted to European standard. Data for years indicated in parentheses.
 CHD: Coronary heart disease.

32. Chart 3–35 Change in Death Rates
Chart 3–35 Change in Death Rates* for CHD in Males by Country, Ages 35–74, 1999–2009
* Age-adjusted to European standard. Data for years indicated in parentheses.
 CHD: Coronary heart disease.
 Based on log-linear regression of actual rates.

33. Chart 3–36 Change in Death Rates
Chart 3–36 Change in Death Rates* for CHD in Females by Country, Ages 35–74, 1999–2009
* Age-adjusted to European standard. Data for years indicated in parentheses.
 CHD: Coronary heart disease.
 Based on log-linear regression of actual rates.

34. Chart 3–37 Prevalence. of HF by Race & Sex, Ages 25–74, U. S
Chart 3–37 Prevalence* of HF by Race & Sex, Ages 25–74, U.S.,1988–1994 to 2005–2008
Percent of Population
* Age-adjusted.
 HF: Heart failure.

35. Chart 3–38 Hospitalization Rates for HF. , Ages 45–64 & ≥ 65, U. S
Hospitalizations/10,000 Population
Year
* HF: Heart failure.
 Break represents change in National Hospital Discharge Survey design in 1988.

36. Chart 3–39 Hospital Case-Fatality Rates for HF. , Ages 45–64 & ≥ 65, U
Chart 3–39 Hospital Case-Fatality Rates for HF*, Ages 45–64 & ≥ 65, U.S., 1980–2009
Percent Discharged Dead
Year
* HF: Heart failure.
 Break represents change in National Hospital Discharge Survey design in 1988.

37. Chart 3–40 Death Rates* for HF as the Underlying Cause by Race & Sex, U.S., 1981–2008
Deaths/100,000 Population
ICD ICD-10
* Age-adjusted.
 HF: Heart failure.
 Break represents revisions to US death certificate in 1989.
Year

38. Chart 3–41 Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Any-Mention HF
Chart 3–41 Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Any-Mention HF* by Race & Sex, U.S., 1981–2008
Deaths/100,000 Population
ICD ICD-10
Year
* HF: Heart failure.
 Break represents revisions to US death certificate in 1989.

39. Chart 3–42 Death Rates for HF as the Underlying Cause by Race/Ethnicity & Sex, U.S., 2008
Deaths/100,000 Population
 Age-adjusted.
 HF: Heart failure.
* Non-Hispanic.

40. Chart 3–43 Death Rates for Any Mention of HF by Race/Ethnicity & Sex, U.S., 2008
Deaths/100,000 Population
 Age-adjusted.
 HF: Heart failure.
* Non-Hispanic.

41. Chart 3–44 Death Rates for HF
Chart 3–44 Death Rates for HF* as the Underlying Cause by Age, Race, & Sex. U.S., 2008
Deaths/100,000 Population
Age (Years)
* HF: Heart failure.

42. Chart 3–45 Death Rates for Any Mention of HF* by Age, Race, & Sex, U.S., 2008
Deaths/100,000 Population
Age (Years)
* HF: Heart failure.

43. Chart 3–46 Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Cardiomyopathy by Race & Sex, U.S., 2008
Deaths/100,000 Population

44. Chart 3–47 Death Rates for Cardiomyopathy by Age, Race, & Sex, U. S
Deaths/100,000 Population
Age (Years)

45. Chart 3–48 Hospitalizations for AF* by Primary & Secondary Diagnosis, U.S., 1982–2009
Hospitalizations (Thousands)
Year
* AF: Atrial fibrillation.
 Break represents change in National Hospital Discharge Survey design in 1988.

46. Chart 3–49 Hospitalization Rates for Atrial Fibrillation by Age, U. S
Hospitalizations/10,000 Population
Year
* Break represents change in National Hospital Discharge Survey design in 1988.

47. Chart 3–50 Prevalence of Stroke by Race & Sex, Ages 25–74, U. S
Chart 3–50 Prevalence of Stroke by Race & Sex, Ages 25–74, U.S., 1971–1975 to 2005–2008
Percent of Population
* Age-adjusted.

48. Chart 3–51 Prevalence of Stroke by Age & Sex, U.S., 1999–2008
Percent of Population
Age (Years)

49. Chart 3–52 Prevalence of Stroke by Age & Race, U.S., 1999–2008
Percent of Population
Age (Years)

50. Chart 3–53 ER. Visit Rates for Stroke by Age, U. S
Chart 3–53 ER* Visit Rates for Stroke by Age, U.S., 1997–1999 to 2006–2008
Visits/10,000 Population
Years
* ER: Emergency Department.

51. Chart 3–54 Hospitalization Rates for Stroke, Ages 45–64 & ≥ 65, U. S
Hospitalizations/10,000 Population
Year
* Break represents change in National Hospital Discharge Survey design in 1988.

52. Chart 3–55 Hospital Case-Fatality Rate for Stroke, Ages < 65 & ≥ 65, U.S., 1971–2009*
Percent Discharged Dead
Year
* Estimates are not available for 1976 and 1977.
 Break represents change in National Hospital Discharge Survey design in 1988.

53. Chart 3–56 Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Stroke by Race & Sex, U. S
Deaths/100,000 Population
ICD ICD ICD ICD ICD-10
The picture for stroke is similar to that for CHD. Though for stroke, the decline in mortality has slowed some since the 1980’s.
Year
* Nonwhite from 1950 to 1967.

54. Chart 3-57 Deaths & Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Stroke, U. S
Deaths in Thousands (Bar) Deaths/100,000 Population (Line)
Year
* The comparability ratio was applied to the deaths
and rates reported in vital statistics for 1979–1998.

55. -*White -*Black -American Indian -Hispanic -Asian
Chart 3–58 Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Stroke by Race/Ethnicity & Sex, U.S., 1999–2008
Deaths/100,000 Population
-*White -*Black -American Indian -Hispanic -Asian
Male Female
Year
* Non-Hispanic.

56. Chart 3–60 Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Stroke by Race/Ethnicity and Sex, U.S., 2008
Deaths/100,000 Population
* Non-Hispanic.

57. Chart 3–61 Death Rates for Stroke in Males by Age & Race/Ethnicity, U
Chart 3–61 Death Rates for Stroke in Males by Age & Race/Ethnicity, U.S., 2008
Deaths/100,000 Population
Age (Years)
* Non-Hispanic.

58. Chart 3–62 Death Rates for Stroke in Females by Age & Race/Ethnicity, U.S., 2008
Deaths/100,000 Population
Age (Years)
 Data unreliable for American Indian females aged years.
* Non-Hispanic.

59. Chart 3-63 Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Stroke by State, U. S
Deaths/100,000 Population

60. Chart 3–64 Age-Adjusted Death Rates
Chart 3–64 Age-Adjusted Death Rates* for Stroke by Country & Sex, Ages 35–74, 2006–2009
* Age-adjusted to European standard. Data for years indicated in parentheses.

61. Chart 3–65 Change in Death Rates
Chart 3–65 Change in Death Rates* for Stroke in Males by Country, Ages 35–74, 1999–2009
* Age-adjusted to European standard. Data for years indicated in parentheses.
 Based on log-linear regression of actual rates

62. Chart 3–66 Change in Death Rates
Chart 3–66 Change in Death Rates* for Stroke in Females by Country, Ages 35–74, 1999–2009
* Age-adjusted to European standard. Data for years indicated in parentheses.
 Based on log-linear regression of actual rates

63. Chart 3–67 Prevalence of Hypertension. & Prehypertension by Age, U. S
Percent of Population
Age (Years)
* Hypertension: systolic BP ≥140 mmHg, or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg, or on medication.
 Prehypertension: systolic BP 120–139 mmHg or diastolic BP 80–89 mmHg.

64. Chart 3–68 Hypertension by Race/Ethnicity & Sex, Ages 20–74, U. S
Percent of Population
 Age-adjusted prevalence.
Hypertension: systolic BP ≥140 mmHg, diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg, or on medication.
* Non-Hispanic.

65. Chart 3–69 Hypertension by Race/Ethnicity & Sex, Ages 20–74, U. S
Percent of Population
 Age-adjusted prevalence.
Hypertension: systolic BP ≥140 mmHg, diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg, or on medication.
* Non-Hispanic.

66. Chart 3–70 Hypertensive* Population Aware, Treated, & Controlled, Ages 18–74, U.S.
Percent of Hypertensive Population
Years
* Hypertension: systolic BP ≥160 mmHg, or diastolic BP ≥ 95 mmHg, or on medication.
 For years to

67. Chart 3–71 Hypertensive* Population Aware, Treated, & Controlled, Ages 18–74, U.S.
Percent of Hypertensive Population
Years
* Hypertension: systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg, or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg, or on medication.
 For years to

68. Chart 3–72 ER. Visit Rates for Hypertension by Age, U. S
Chart 3–72 ER* Visit Rates for Hypertension by Age, U.S., 1997–1999 to 2006–2008
Visits/10,000 Population
Years
* ER: Emergency Department.

69. Chart 3–73 Death Rates. for Diseases of the Arteries by Race & Sex, U
Chart 3–73 Death Rates* for Diseases of the Arteries by Race & Sex, U.S., 2008
Deaths/100,000 Population
* Age-adjusted.

70. Chart 3–74 Death Rates for Diseases of the Arteries by Age, Race, & Sex, U.S., 2008
Deaths/100,000 Population
Age (Years)

71. Chart 3–75 Percent of Deaths
Chart 3–75 Percent of Deaths* From Congenital Malformations of Circulatory System, Age <1 Year
Percent of Deaths
Year
* US,

72. Chart 3–76 Infant Mortality From Congenital Malformations of the Circulatory System by Race
Deaths/100,000 Live Births
ICD ICD ICD-10
Year
 US,
* HD: Heart disease; CVD: Cardiovascular disease