1. ENGINEERING METROLOGY
QAS 0312
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2. ENGINEERING METROLOGY
Course Objective
Students should be able to:
Explain the basic concepts of testing, measuring and gauging procedures used in engineering.
Perform inspection of linear and angular measurement by using various types of measuring instruments and gauging methods.
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3. ENGINEERING METROLOGY
Main Topics
Fundamentals of Metrology
Basic Inspection and Procedures
Measurement Errors
Vernier Caliper
Micrometer
Mechanical Dial Indicator
Gauge Blocks
Surface Plate Inspection
Instruments for Testing Angles
Gauges
Profile Projector
Surface Roughness Measurement
Measurement of Threads
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4. ENGINEERING METROLOGY
Assessment:
CMM – 40%
Metrology – 50%
KQ – 10%
PBL 1 : 10%
PBL 2 & Practical : 25%
Test : 15%
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5. FUNDAMENTALS OF METROLOGY
CHAPTER 1
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6. FUNDAMENTALS OF METROLOGY
Learning Objectives
Define the term metrology
Differentiate between accuracy and precision
Explain the needs and functions of inspection
List the objectives of metrology
Identify SI units and dimensions
Perform conversion of SI units
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7. FUNDAMENTALS OF METROLOGY
What is Metrology?
Science of measurement.
Concerns in correctness of measurement
Precision
Accuracy
Methods and techniques of measurement based on agreed units and standards
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8. Precision vs Accuracy Inaccurate and imprecise (unrepeatable)
Stone age man missed the bull's-eye and the 3 attempts were not near each other.
Precise but inaccurate
Robin Hood's Merry Man missed the bull's-eye but the 3 attempts were near each other.

9. Precision vs Accuracy (cont)
Accurate but imprecise
American Indian's 3 attempts are near the bull's-eye, but were not near each other.
Accurate and precise
Olympic archer hits the bull's-eye 3 times!

10. FUNDAMENTALS OF METROLOGY
Why is Metrology important?
Standardization in trade
Eliminating technical barriers in trade, manufacturing industry, construction etc etc.
Promoting awareness to Quality Assurance
What is Inspection?
Formal or Official examination of products with the use of accurate (calibrated) measuring instruments
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11. manufacturing department
Needs and Functions of Inspection
To achieve
interchangeability
To determine
good or bad parts
To support the
manufacturing department
To improve and develop
precision measuring
instruments
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12. FUNDAMENTALS OF METROLOGY
To determine good and bad parts
To determine the conformance of products to specifications or requirements – important in assisting manufacturing process and assuring of quality.
In industry, inspection is used for selection of products whether it can be ‘accepted’ or ‘rejected’
To maintain the product quality – meet customer satisfaction index
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13. FUNDAMENTALS OF METROLOGY
To achieve Interchangeability
Interchangeability – products should be able to fit and mate if chosen randomly from different manufacturers
Examples: Screws and threads, nuts and bolts, pipes and pressure vessels, pnuematic and hydraulics fittings/valves, etc.
Can be achieved by means of measuring and gauging
Calipers, micrometers, thickness gauge, radius gauge etc
Plug gauge, pin gauge, ring gauge etc
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14. FUNDAMENTALS OF METROLOGY
To improve and develop precision measuring instruments
Due to demands of high accuracy and precision works or products
Promote spirit of competition between manufacturers to produce high quality precision parts
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15. FUNDAMENTALS OF METROLOGY
To support the manufacturing department
Functions of inspection in manufacturing industries
Conformity of product’s appearance and functions
Conformity of product’s dimensional specifications
Conformity of product’s performance
Providing data for product’s improvement analysis
Production process
Manpower skills
Material analysis
Machines accuracy and maintainance
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16. OBJECTIVES OF METROLOGY
Ensure products designed – within process spec & measuring instrument capabilities. (products)
Determine process capabilities. (processes)
Determine the measuring instrument capabilities. (instruments)
Reduce the cost of rejects & rework. (products)
Minimize the cost of inspection. (products)
Maintenance of the accuracy of measurement. (instruments)
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17. Principles of Metrology
Fundamentals Units and standards
International System of Units (SI)
- established in 1960
- by CGPM (General Conference of Weight and Measures)
- e.g : Force Newton N (kgm/s2)
advantages of coherency of SI units.
same system & units of measurement regardless of industries
minimum of conversion factors

18. FUNDAMENTALS OF METROLOGY
Principles of Metrology
Fundamentals Units and Standards
Language of measurement and must be constant worldwide
SI base units:
Length : Meter (m)
Mass : Kilograms (kg)
Time : second (s)
Current : Ampere (A)
Thermo. Temp : Kelvin (K)
Amount of subs. : Mole (mol)
Luminous intensity : Candela (cd)
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20. FUNDAMENTALS OF METROLOGY
Principles of Metrology
SI Prefixes
Prefixes
Symbol
Multiplier
peta P
1015
deci d
10-1
tera T
1012
centi c
10-2
giga G
109
mili m
10-3
mega M
106
micro
10-6
kilo k
103
nano n
10-9
hecta h
102
pico p
10-12
deka da
101
femto f
10-15
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21. FUNDAMENTALS OF METROLOGY
Principles of Metrology
SI derived units:
Area : square meter (m2)
Volume : cubic meter (m3)
Velocity : meter per second (m/s)
Acceleration : meter per square sec. (m/s2)
Force : Newton (N)
Luminance : candela per square meter (cd/m2)
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22. FUNDAMENTALS OF METROLOGY
Convert the following unit:
 a) 0.88dm to mm:
b) 200µm to Mm :
c) 15mg/Gm³ to kg/cm³ :
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