1. Abdullahi Osman El-Tom Dept. Anthropology, Maynooth University. Ireland Abdullahi.eltom@nuim.ie Abdullahi Osman El-Tom Dept. Anthropology, Maynooth University. Ireland Abdullahi.eltom@nuim.ie Darfur and the Conundrum of the Arab Identity of Sudan Part 2 St. Antony’s College, Oxford Darfur at the Cross Road February 21 st, 2015 St. Antony’s College, Oxford Darfur at the Cross Road February 21 st, 2015

2. Typical Sudanese Pedigree Ahistorical Authenticated in Mecca Myth of wise stranger Fatima breaks the rule Problem: Recipe for action, rewards, privleges and deprivation Ahistorical Authenticated in Mecca Myth of wise stranger Fatima breaks the rule Problem: Recipe for action, rewards, privleges and deprivation

3. Historic icons have to be Arabs or Northerners In schools, our history lies across the Red Sea In Elfashir Secondary School, 4 Caliphs for our classes Umkeddada looks like in Saudi Arabia, just miles from Mecca: Res. Quarters: Muzdalifa, Mina, Safa, Alsalam… Khartoum areas reflect class but creed (Riadh Versus Umbada) Historic icons have to be Arabs or Northerners In schools, our history lies across the Red Sea In Elfashir Secondary School, 4 Caliphs for our classes Umkeddada looks like in Saudi Arabia, just miles from Mecca: Res. Quarters: Muzdalifa, Mina, Safa, Alsalam… Khartoum areas reflect class but creed (Riadh Versus Umbada) Falsification of history also stretches to names of localities Broosh = Uroosh Khasar Marisa = Zamzam Kattal = Dar Alsalam Asaroni= Aaazironi Id Alghanam= Id Alfursan Adan Humar= Firdous Kharg Alumda ( sphincter of the mayor)= ? Falsification of history also stretches to names of localities Broosh = Uroosh Khasar Marisa = Zamzam Kattal = Dar Alsalam Asaroni= Aaazironi Id Alghanam= Id Alfursan Adan Humar= Firdous Kharg Alumda ( sphincter of the mayor)= ?

4. Our names too have to change: Operation Long Arm From Hinain to Khalil Head Master: “ From now on, your name is Khalil Ibrahim and no more of that Hinain business’ and he walked away before I could recover from my shock” (El-Tom 2011). The delusion of Arabisation reaches the UK Queen too; Alrakoba 21-01- 15

5. Islamisation also has to back the new/aspired identity: Abdalla M. Ahmed: Culture and Info: “Ordered Sudan National Museum to be true to Islamic History of Sudan. 10,000 years old artifacts had to be removed and replaced by a handful of centuries old Islamic objects” (El-Tom 1998). Among things removed predated Adam and Eve, and other fundamentals of biblical religion including Islam Monotheism, bible, after death world, resurrection, infusion of man in god, pilgrimage sites …( all Pharaonic) All biblical people should thank the Pharoahs when praying Islamisation also has to back the new/aspired identity: Abdalla M. Ahmed: Culture and Info: “Ordered Sudan National Museum to be true to Islamic History of Sudan. 10,000 years old artifacts had to be removed and replaced by a handful of centuries old Islamic objects” (El-Tom 1998). Among things removed predated Adam and Eve, and other fundamentals of biblical religion including Islam Monotheism, bible, after death world, resurrection, infusion of man in god, pilgrimage sites …( all Pharaonic) All biblical people should thank the Pharoahs when praying Also other aspects of culture like music, arts, dress. Cuisine. Wardi and his Rababa Also other aspects of culture like music, arts, dress. Cuisine. Wardi and his Rababa

6. TV: Visible image of Sudanese People Not Arab Music but people too have to look Arabs And the “whiter” the better Straight hair Emulation of Arab TVs Aljuzali told: Nuba Applicant Tutu: TV faces not representative of Sudanese diversity TV: Visible image of Sudanese People Not Arab Music but people too have to look Arabs And the “whiter” the better Straight hair Emulation of Arab TVs Aljuzali told: Nuba Applicant Tutu: TV faces not representative of Sudanese diversity Your colour is too dark for the TV. Is it possible to lighten your complexion with some cream or something?

7. إنــا لـقوم إبـت أخـلاقنا شـرفاً أن نـبتدي بـالأذى مـن ليس يؤذينا بـيـض صـنائعنا، سـود وقـائعنا خـضر مـرابعنا، حـمر مواضينا إنــا لـقوم إبـت أخـلاقنا شـرفاً أن نـبتدي بـالأذى مـن ليس يؤذينا بـيـض صـنائعنا، سـود وقـائعنا خـضر مـرابعنا، حـمر مواضينا National Flag! Shareef Hisain Ibn Ali Of Mekka Colours of AL countries Commemorated by Arab poet Safia Aldeen Alhuli-below White=Deeds; Black=battles; Green=Pasture/life; Red= bloody past National Flag! Shareef Hisain Ibn Ali Of Mekka Colours of AL countries Commemorated by Arab poet Safia Aldeen Alhuli-below White=Deeds; Black=battles; Green=Pasture/life; Red= bloody past

8. Current mono-culture is the problem Can be overcome Current mono-culture is the problem Can be overcome New Presidential Palace Architecture too has to be Arab-Islamic: The new palace Thank You