1. Texas Innovative Water 2010 San Antonio, Texas – October 2010 What Texas Learn From Other Desal Successes Tom Pankratz, pankratztm@gmail.com

2. Texas Water Innovative Water 2010— Tom Pankratz Seawater desal is growing rapidly ✔

3. Texas Water Innovative Water 2010— Tom Pankratz Seawater desal initiatives (2008) ✔ Australia +310 MGD Spain +265 MGD Libya +265 MGD China +265 MGD US +132 MGD Saudi Arabia +1,500 MGD

4. Texas Water Innovative Water 2010— Tom Pankratz Australian Seawater Desal Installations: <2007 ›

5. Texas Water Innovative Water 2010— Tom Pankratz Current Australian SWRO Plants Perth 1 Adelaide Melbourne Sydney Gold Coast Perth 2

6. Texas Water Innovative Water 2010— Tom Pankratz Carlsbad, California – 50 MGD 1994199619982000200220042006200820102012 Carlsbad, California Carlsbad considers desal Poseidon begins development Permitting process starts CDP issued Ceremonial ground- breaking CDP application First water? 2014

7. Texas Water Innovative Water 2010— Tom Pankratz Carlsbad versus Tampa Bay 1994199619982000200220042006200820102012 Carlsbad, California Carlsbad considers desal Poseidon begins development Permitting process starts CDP issued Ceremonial ground- breaking CDP application First water? 2014 Desal first considered Project first commissioned Rehab contract awarded Fully operational Tampa Bay, Florida BOOT contract awarded Passes first performance test

8. Texas Water Innovative Water 2010— Tom Pankratz Carlsbad versus Perth 1994199619982000200220042006200820102012 EIS process starts; ROI’s called Project re-starts; EIR approved; Tenders called Contract award; Construction begins First waterFully operational Perth, Australia Carlsbad, California Carlsbad considers desal Poseidon begins development Permitting process starts CDP issued Ceremonial ground- breaking CDP application First water? 2014

9. Texas Water Innovative Water 2010— Tom Pankratz Carlsbad versus Sydney 1994199619982000200220042006200820102012 Carlsbad considers desal Poseidon begins development Permitting process starts CDP issued Ceremonial ground- breaking CDP application SWC determined no water by 2011 Feasibility, Planning study Contract award; Construction begins First water Fully operational Sydney, Australia Carlsbad, California First water? 2014

10. Texas Water Innovative Water 2010— Tom Pankratz Carlsbad versus Israel 1994199619982000200220042006200820102012 Carlsbad considers desal Poseidon begins development Permitting process starts CDP issued Ceremonial ground- breaking CDP application First project tendered 82 MGD Ashkelon starts 40 MGD Palmachim starts 82 MGD Hadera starts 132 MGD Soreq awarded Israel Carlsbad, California First water? 2014

11. Texas Water Innovative Water 2010— Tom Pankratz What does it take to move desal forward? ✔  It must really be needed

12. Texas Water Innovative Water 2010— Tom Pankratz Australian Dam Levels – March 2007 Perth 22% Adelaide 55% Melbourne 32% Sydney 38% Gold Coast 21%

13. Texas Water Innovative Water 2010— Tom Pankratz What does it take to move desal forward? ✔  It must really be needed  Address all environmental issues

14. Texas Water Innovative Water 2010— Tom Pankratz Environmental Issues Impingement & entrainment GHG Growth inducement No well-defined permitting process

15. Texas Water Innovative Water 2010— Tom Pankratz What does it take to move desal forward? ✔

16. Texas Water Innovative Water 2010— Tom Pankratz ✔ Seawater RO Water Cost ✔ 615 1,845 1,290 2,460 3,075 3,690 0 $ per acre-foot

17. Texas Water Innovative Water 2010— Tom Pankratz Seawater RO Water Cost ✔ 615 1,845 1,290 2,460 3,075 3,690 0 $ per acre-foot

18. Texas Water Innovative Water 2010— Tom Pankratz What does it take to move desal forward? ✔  It must really be needed  Address all environmental issues  Economics must make sense  It must be a transparent process

19. Texas Water Innovative Water 2010— Tom Pankratz What does it take to move desal forward? ✔  It must really be need  Consider all environmental issues  Economics must make sense  It must be a transparent process  There are no shortcuts