1. Active Power in 1~AC mains Apparent / Reactive / Active Power ~ L ~ C ~ R pure resistor R : phase shift = 0° active power 1 pure reactance L : phase shift = 90° no active power pure capacitance C : phase shift = 90° no active power

2. Apparent / Reactive / Active Power

3. applicable for distorted voltage and current (harmonics) wave-form must not be continuous Power Factor

4. distorted voltage contains harmonics By means of Fourier transformation a distorted wave form can be synthesized by a infinite number of sine-waves of ascending order Power Factor

5. Current Power Factor 0,53 distorted AC current caused by rectifier Power Factor 1~AC mains current without PFC

6. mains current harmonics / Fourier transformation current harmonics in mains supply I netz [mA] Power Factor current harmonics 1~AC fan without PFC

7. Limits acc. DIN EN61000-3-2 Power factor (PF) Power Factor DIN EN61000-3-2

8. DC-link capacitor U ac rectifier Power Factor Correction PFC 1~AC mains input – circuit without PFC

9. Choke DC-Link capacitor U ac rectifier Power Factor Correction PFC 1~AC mains input – circuit with 1~choke (passive PFC)

10. choke boost-diode DC-link capacitor shunt MOS-FET capacitor U ac rectifier Power Factor Correction 1~AC-mains input – circuit with active PFC

11. reduced harmonics by PFC w/o PFC Power Factor = 0,53 current I RMS = 958 mA with active PFC Power Factor = 0,99 current I RMS = 628 mA Power Factor Correction

12. Current harmonics with and without aktive PFC compared in the same duty point @ 230V50Hz I mains [mA] Power Factor 1~AC with active PFC / without distorted AC current caused by rectifier

13. cables, switches and fuses are dimensioned according to current ! EC-fan connected to 1~AC mains EC-M L N 277 V / 60 Hz I RMS w/o PFC passive PFC aktive PFC 150% 144% 100% EC fan without PFC shows plus 50% more current draw !

14. Harmonic Now/o PFCpassive PFC active PFC 1100%100%100% 3 86% 82% 5% 5 61% 54% 4% 7 35% 28% 1% 9 13% 11% 3% 11 4% 4% 1% 13 8% 1% 1% 15 7% 2% 1% 17 3% 3% 0% 19 1% 2% 1% Harmonic Current typical values ! referenced to 1st harmonic !

15. cables, switches and fuses are dimensioned according to current ! EC-fan connected to 1~AC mains w/o PFC I RMS =150% passive PFC I RMS =144% active PFC I RMS =100% „passive“ PFC is not really effective for 1~AC mains!

16. Many 1~AC fans connected to 3~AC mains supply EC-M L3 N EC-M L2 EC-M L1 cables, switches and fuses are dimensioned according to current ! w/o PFCpassive PFC active PFC I RMS 150% 144% 100% I Neutral 318% 285% 27% EC fans without PFC show 12- times as much current draw in Neutral !

17. Many 1~AC fans connected to 3~AC mains supply cables, switches and fuses are dimensioned according to current ! I RMS 150% w/o PFC I Neutral 318% I RMS 144% passive PFC I Neutral 285% I RMS 100% active PFC I Neutral 27%

18. w/o PFCpassive PFC active PFC I RMS 150%144% 100% I Neutral 318%285% 27% EC fan w/o PFC shows 1,5- times as much phase current and 12- times as much current in Neutral compared to active PFC! Many 1~AC fans connected to 3~AC mains supply Current in Phase and Neutral wire

19. No PFC Passive PFC Active PFC 150%144% 100% 112%103% 7.4% THFactor0.750.72 0.073 PF0.670.700.997 RMS-current, THD, THF, & Power Factor I RMS Rel = THD i =

20. ebm-papst Power Factor Controller effective current with / without PFC Current harmonics I netz [mA] Power Factor with / without passive PFC / 1~AC mains

21. mains current w/o PFC is 50% higher as with active PFC w/o PFC I RMS = 0,96A with PFC I RMS = 0,64A Power Factor with / without passive PFC / 1~AC mains

22. I netz [mA] Power Factor with / without passive PFC / 3~AC mains frequency inverter, mains (3~AC) 100% set-rate without PFC Power Factor0,54 P 1 : 2,2 kWP S : 4,0 kVA I N : 6,0 A EC-SYSTEMS, mains (3~AC) 100% set-rate with passive PFC Power Factor0,93 P 1 : 1,75 kW P S : 1,85 kVA I N : 2,8 A

23. definition / formula Effektive Current I RMS =

24. definition / formula THD Total Harmonic Distortion current THD i =

25. definition / formula THF Total Harmonic Factor current THF i ==

26. PF = effective power / apparent power Power Factor Definition / formula = =PF =

27. low Power Factor means high current high installation cost Effective current and Power Factor =