1. Chapter 7
The Endocrine System

2. Key Concepts

3. catecholamine
cyclic Amp (cAMP)
endocrine
epinephrine
estrogen
exocrine
glucagon
growth hormone
hormone
insulin
nonepinephrine
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
phenolic amine hormones
progesterone
protein hormones
steroid hormones
testosterone

4. Review Questions

5. In the following diagram of the major glands, what do A through F refer to?C A. B. C. D. E. F.
Pituitary B
Thyroid
Parathyroid D
Adrenal
Testis F
Ovary E

6. What are the three categories of hormones?
Chapter 7
4/17/2017
What are the three categories of hormones?
Steroid hormones
Protein hormones
Phenolic amine hormones

7. What are the steps illustrated in the following diagram?B. C. D. E. F.
A steroid hormone passes through a cell membrane
It combines with a protein receptor in the cytoplasm
The hormone-receptor complex enter the nucleus and
Activates the synthesis of messenger RNA
The messenger RNA leaves the nucleus and
Functions in the manufacture of protein molecules

8. What effect does testosterone have on muscle cells (fibers)?
It binds with a receptor, travels to the nucleus,
initiates mRNA production, and the production
of contractile proteins, leading to larger,
stronger muscles

9. What steps are illustrated in the following diagram?B. C. D. E.
The protein hormone reaches its target cell via the blood and
Combines with a receptor located on the cell membrane
As a result, molecules of an enzyme such as adenyl cyclase are activated and
Cause the activation of a second messenger such as cyclic AMP, which
Brings about various cellular changes

10. What three stimuli initiate hormone secretion?
Neural
Hormonal
Concentration of a substance in the blood

11. A single bout of moderate exercise results in long-term changes in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. True or False?
False. Changes in glucose tolerance and
insulin sensitivity persist for less than 72
hours. To maintain therapeutic benefits,
aerobic exercise should be done for 30
minutes at least every other day.

12. Insulin and glucagon are produced by what gland?
The pancreas

13. What role does the adrenal medulla play in exercise?
Secretes catecholamines, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, which increase the availability of fuel to the active muscles.
During exercise, blood levels of both epinephrine and nonepinephrine rise, resulting in increases in glycogenolysis, lipolysis, heart rate, stroke volume, and the redistribution of blood flow to the working muscles and the skin.

14. Gonadal hormones drop after intense exercise. True or False?
False. Gonadal hormones in both men
and women tend to rise following
vigorous exercise.

15. What are some effects of intense exercise on the female reproductive system?
Delayed menarche
Amenorrhea
Anovulation

16. How does exercise affect glucagon and insulin levels?
Exercise increases glucagon levels and
decreases insulin secretion. There is also
an increase in insulin receptor sensitivity,
so that less insulin is needed.

17. Useful Websites

18. Endocrine System (Hormones) Topics
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The Pituitary Foundation

19. Selected Images

20. Figure 7.1 Locations of the major endocrine glands.

21. Figure 7.2 The three basic hormone structures.

22. Figure 7.3 (A) A steroid hormone passes through a cell membrane and (B) combines with a protein receptor in the cytoplasm. (C) The hormone-receptor complex enters the nucleus and (D) activates the synthesis of messenger RNA. (E) The messenger RNA leaves the nucleus and (F) functions in the manufacture of protein molecules.

23. Figure 7.4 (A) The protein hormone reaches its target cell via the blood and (B) combines with a receptor located on the cell membrane. (C) As a result, molecules of an enzyme such as adenyl cyclase are activated and (D) cause the activation of a second messenger such as cyclic AMP, which (E) brings about various cellular changes.