1. Daoism Daoism  Laozi 老子 (Lao Tzu, Lao Tan 老聃 ) Dao De Jing 《道德经》 (Tao Te Ching) Dao De Jing 《道德经》 (Tao Te Ching)  Shen Dao 慎到 (around 395-315 B.C.) Shenzi 《慎子》 Shenzi 《慎子》  Zhuangzi 莊子 (Chuang Tzu) (bt. 399-295 B.C.) Zhuangzi 《莊子》 (Chuang Tzu) Zhuangzi 《莊子》 (Chuang Tzu)  Philosophical Taoism 道家 and Religious Taoism 道教

2. I. Shen Dao’s Fatalism 1. Abandon knowledge and discard self 2. Follow the inevitable and be indifferent to natural kinds to natural kinds 3. Different kinds of determinism (doctrine of ming 命 ) –Causal determinism (everything is determined by its cause) its cause) –Logical determinism (tautology -- what will be will be) 4. The problem of free will and determinism –Hard determinism (free will is an illusion) –Liberterians (there is free will, so determinism is false) –Soft determinism (determinism and free will are compatible) 5. Shen Dao’s position – most like logical determinism 6. Shen Dao’s Daoist Paradox – If we follow his Dao, we violate it

3. II. Laozi’s Theory of Language 1. The true dao cannot be named (described) 2. All distinctions are conventional. They limit our vision, arouse desires, and cause conflicts 3. Wu Wei 無為, or action-by-non- action. Dao Wu Wei (chpt. 6, 7, 8, 43, 51). “Wei” is action guided by social forms of knowledge (p.74)

4. III. Zhuangzi His solution to the Daoist paradox – 1. All distinctions are relative to perspectives; there is no absolute authority 2. But since it is also natural to make distinctions, lets be flexible, live through them and not be blocked by some fixed ones The notion of “through” – Tong 通 – is the solution For example, what is wrong with Mencius? (p. 83) 1. In thinking there must be some deep authority within the self 2. In choosing the 4 heart-mind as the authority 3. In selecting a method of cultivation by his judgment of who is and is not a sage

5.  Daily One-minute Paper 1. What is the big point you learned in class today? 2. What is the main, unanswered question you leave class with today? 2. What is the main, unanswered question you leave class with today?