1. Urban Water Department of Hydro Sciences, Institute for Urban Water Management Peter Krebs Dresden, 2010 1Global water aspects 2Introduction to urban water management 3Basics for systems description 4Water transport 5Matter transport 6Introduction to water supply 7Water extraction 8Water purification 9Water distribution 10Introduction to wastewater disposal 11Urban drainage 12Wastewater treatment 13Sludge treatment

2. Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management © PK, 2010 – page 2 1 Introduction to urban water management 1.1 The urban water system 1.2 Costs 1.3 History of water supply 1.4 History of sanitation Department of Hydro Sciences, Institute for Urban Water Management Peter Krebs Urban Water

3. Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management © PK, 2010 – page 3 1 Introduction to urban water management 1.1 The urban water system 1.2 Costs 1.3 History of water supply 1.4 History of sanitation Department of Hydro Sciences, Institute for Urban Water Management Peter Krebs Urban Water

4. Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management © PK, 2010 – page 4 Hygiene

5. Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management © PK, 2010 – page 5 Flood protection

6. Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management © PK, 2010 – page 6 Rio de Janeiro Urban Lake: Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas Eutrophic state due to discharge of untreated wastewater (NZZ, 9.3.2000) Water protection

7. Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management © PK, 2010 – page 7 500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000 3.500 4.000 0 AfricaAsiaEuropeNorth AmericaLatin America Oceania 0 12 Population 1990 Population 2000 Fraction with access to safe drinking water Fraction with access to safe sanitation Population in mio ; Fraction Continent Access to water supply and sanitation

8. Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management © PK, 2010 – page 8 Urban region Rain-runoff process Sewage retention tank Water distribution Reservoir Sewer system Combined sewer Retention tank CSO structure Water purification WWTP Treatment Receiving water Ground water Infiltration Overflow Retention Sedimentation Sludge disposal In-/Exfiltration Clean water inflow Urban water system

9. Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management © PK, 2010 – page 9 Groundwater Agriculture Nat. land use Wastewater Drinking water Atmosphere / Climate Institutional Framework Stagnant waters Implementation Running waters Szenarios and systems analysis Capacity Development Integrated water resources management IWRM

10. Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management © PK, 2010 – page 10 1 Introduction to urban water management 1.1 The urban water system 1.2 Costs 1.3 History of water supply 1.4 History of sanitation Department of Hydro Sciences, Institute for Urban Water Management Peter Krebs Urban Water

11. Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management © PK, 2010 – page 11 Urban water systems in total 500 bill. EUR Water supply / wastewater disposal 1 / 1 Average life time expectancy 50 a  Annual investment need to maintain stable value: 10 bill. EUR/a Replacement costs for German urban water systems

12. Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management © PK, 2010 – page 12 Drinking water prices for centralised systems

13. Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management © PK, 2010 – page 13 Drinking water prices in Germany

14. Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management © PK, 2010 – page 14 Drinking water consumption

15. Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management © PK, 2010 – page 15 Drinking water costs per year

16. Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management © PK, 2010 – page 16 (DREWAG – Stadtwerke Dresden GmbH) Water price in Dresden appr. 2.- EUR/m³ Sonst. betriebl. Aufwendungen 0,03 € Loans 0.19 € Umlage Verwaltung/Verrechnung 0,26 € Taxes 0.05 € Innerbetr. Verrechnung 0,08 € Depreciation 0.41 € Personnel 0,32 € Wastewater charge 0.02 € Chemicals 0.01 € Wassernutzungsentgelt 0,02 € Energy 0.02 € Raw water 0.11 € Outsourcing 0.16 € Working materials 0.08 € Gewinnanteil/Steuergutschrift 0,19 € Composition of drinking water price

17. Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management © PK, 2010 – page 17 29 27 25 99 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 England Italy France Germany % Denmark Water Losses

18. Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management © PK, 2010 – page 18 Wastewater price + stormwater costs per m 2 impervious area connected to sewer system  1,6 EUR/(m 2 connected year) in Dresden

19. Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management © PK, 2010 – page 19 Fixed costs Overhead and running costs Depreciation Payment of interest Personnel Energy Operation Renovation, repair, spares Disposal of sludges Administration  Fixed costs are dominant both in water supply and wastewater disposal Annual costs

20. Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management © PK, 2010 – page 20 1 Introduction to urban water management 1.1 The urban water system 1.2 Costs 1.3 History of water supply 1.4 History of sanitation Department of Hydro Sciences, Institute for Urban Water Management Peter Krebs Urban Water

21. Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management © PK, 2010 – page 21 Free surface flow conduits, Rome (reconstruction)

22. Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management © PK, 2010 – page 22 Drinking water aqueduct, Segovia, Spain

23. Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management © PK, 2010 – page 23 Pergamon, Greece, pressurised pipe

24. Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management © PK, 2010 – page 24 LedClay Roman drinking water pipes

25. Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management © PK, 2010 – page 25 Wooden pipes, middle-ages

26. Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management © PK, 2010 – page 26 Iron water conduits, Versailles, 17th century

27. Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management © PK, 2010 – page 27 Sand stone pipes in Dresden (from 1841)

28. Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management © PK, 2010 – page 28 Steam engine driven pumping station, Berlin

29. Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management © PK, 2010 – page 29 Slow sand filtration, Berlin

30. Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management © PK, 2010 – page 30 Pressure filtration Ultrafiltration Modern filtration plants

31. Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management © PK, 2010 – page 31 1 Introduction to urban water management 1.1 The urban water system 1.2 Costs 1.3 History of water supply 1.4 History of sanitation Department of Hydro Sciences, Institute for Urban Water Management Peter Krebs Urban Water

32. Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management © PK, 2010 – page 32 Mesopotamia, 3000 bC Illi (1992)

33. Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management © PK, 2010 – page 33 Illi (1992) Babylon, 600 bC

34. Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management © PK, 2010 – page 34 Sand stoneBottom sand stone brick walls cement roof Cloaca Maxima, Rome

35. Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management © PK, 2010 – page 35 Cloaca Maxima, Rome

36. Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management © PK, 2010 – page 36 Rome, public latrine

37. Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management © PK, 2010 – page 37 Rome Rome, gully

38. Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management © PK, 2010 – page 38 Boccacio, Decamerone, mid 14. century (Illi, 1992) Middle ages

39. Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management © PK, 2010 – page 39 France, barrel system, 19th century

40. Urban Water Chapter 1 Introduction to urban water management © PK, 2010 – page 40 John Snow (1855), On the mood of Communication of Cholera Cholera in London (1853/1854)