1. COPAL-Polska, January 18, 20081 Andrzej Filipkowski, Krzysztof Kulpa, Jacek Misiurewicz * Politechnika Warszawska Warsaw University of Technology (WUT) Institute of Electronic Systems & Department of Analytical Chemistry WARSAW, Poland http://www.pw.edu.plfilipk@ise.pw.edu.pl Kkulpa@elka.pw.edu.pl

2. COPAL-Polska, January 18, 20082 What I want to present: 1. Historical introduction 2. Actual involvement 3. EUFAR and COPAL interest 4. Conclusions Part I: A. Filipkowski Environment Monitoring with the aid of COPAL

3. COPAL-Polska, January 18, 20083 1. Historical introduction - In the years 2001-2003 co-ordination of FP5 project SEWING: (System for European Water monitorING). Finished with success. It concerned elaborating equipment for monitoring of water pollution with chemical non-organic pollutants, using Ion- Sensitive-Field-Effect-Transistors (ISFETs) with electronics, informatics and hydraulics. - Starting from 2006 the FP6 project WARMER (WAter Risk Management in EuRope). Coordinator SME SYSTEA in Rome, Italy, WUT being non-formal „vice co-ordinator”. This project is much broader, involves in-situ and remote sensing, with the information network.

4. COPAL-Polska, January 18, 20084 2. Actual involvement The idea of WARMER project: In WARMER in-situ stations and remote stations on satellites co-operate

5. COPAL-Polska, January 18, 20085 The partner responsible for remote monitoring is NERSC (Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Centre, Bergen, Norway). The following water parameters are to be monitored: With visible and near-infrared light sensors colour is monitored giving information about plankton, secondary organic matter, dissolved organic matter, suspended matter, oil spill etc. With thermal infrared sensors the surface temperature is monitored. With Synthetic Aperture Radar the waves and surface state is monitored. Information from in-situ stations is also collected, processed and sent to the data centre.

6. COPAL-Polska, January 18, 20086 This is an example of satellite colour monitoring of chlorophyll pigment. Blue-purple means low pigment, red – high.

7. COPAL-Polska, January 18, 20087 3. EUFAR and COPAL interest By a general point of view, to test our integrated water monitoring system we are limited by the actual poor spatial resolution of the commercial satellites, so we are obliged to work on estuaries or very large rivers and lakes. This is why, when the first information about EUFAR project reached me in January 2006, I wrote a letter of intent. We planned to propose a more integrated proposal in FP7, combining the in-situ, satellite and aircraft monitoring of water quality. Unfortunately this proposal was not accepted (in theme 6 – ENV.) We are still interested in the following activities:

8. COPAL-Polska, January 18, 20088 Elaborating a large variety of sensors, suitable for using them in- situ, in satellites and in aircrafts. Integrate all important parameters of water, both surface and sea, in one software and firmware solution, making the data suitable for use in controlling the quality of water in Europe. The use of aircraft was too expensive so-far, and the economic and technically satisfactory method to use them in water monitoring was almost impossible. I hope that this can be changed in the near future and that integrated monitoring will become possible.

9. COPAL-Polska, January 18, 20089 4. Conclusions The water monitoring group from Politechnika Warszawska is not yet ready for entering as user and collaborator in COPAL project, but certainly in the perspective of 10 years our activities and international co-operation will make entering to the EUFAR and COPAL family possible. We should take into account that water is not the only one environmental parameter to be remotely monitored. Air pollution, fires, floods, and even organising of dangerous human manifestations can be early discovered and monitored.

10. COPAL-Polska, January 18, 200810 SAR sensor in environmental monitoring Our experience with SAR Possible engagement in COPAL Part II: K. Kulpa, J. Misiurewicz SAR radar technology for COPAL

11. COPAL-Polska, January 18, 200811 SAR sensor for environment SAR – Synthetic Aperture Radar: high resolution imaging of Earth surfaceSAR – Synthetic Aperture Radar: high resolution imaging of Earth surface Airborne platform SAR advantage: sub-meter resolution, short revisit time, real-time imaging, rescue assistanceAirborne platform SAR advantage: sub-meter resolution, short revisit time, real-time imaging, rescue assistance Oil slick detection & tracking, forest fire/hurricane damages, ice monitoringOil slick detection & tracking, forest fire/hurricane damages, ice monitoring Slow motion detection Slow motion detection

12. COPAL-Polska, January 18, 200812 Our experience with SAR Working in the airborne SAR since 2002Working in the airborne SAR since 2002 First Polish SAR images (processed offline) in 2003First Polish SAR images (processed offline) in 2003 Algorithms for real-time airborne SARAlgorithms for real-time airborne SAR Cooperation with PIT – implementations:Cooperation with PIT – implementations: –Border Guard airplane (maritime patrol, oil slick detection mode) –Reconnaisance airplane (military)

13. COPAL-Polska, January 18, 200813 SAR sensor in COPAL Sea, ice, forest, oil slicks, traffic.....Sea, ice, forest, oil slicks, traffic..... Weather-independent sensorWeather-independent sensor We propose to include SAR in a standard COPAL payload. –Interferometric SAR –Polarimetric SAR –ISAR - identification of pollution sources –Micro-SAR for small aircafts

14. COPAL-Polska, January 18, 200814 Thank you for your attention