1. Networking the Physical World David E. Culler University of California, Berkeley Intel Research Berkeley http://webs.cs.berkeley.edu supported by DARPA NEST program, NSF, Intel, CITRIS and California MICRO.

2. 2/18/03IDF Panel New Class of Computing year log (people per computer) streaming information to/from physical world Number Crunching Data Storage productivity interactive Mainframe Minicomputer WorkstationPCLaptop PDA

3. 2/18/03IDF Panel CMOS Trends: miniaturization and more Itanium2 (241M ) nearly a thousand 8086’s would fit in a modern microprocessor Processing & Storage LNA mixer PLL baseband filters I  Q  Communication Sensing Actuation

4. 2/18/03IDF Panel Example uses Monitoring Environments –habitat monitoring, conservation biology,... –Precision agriculture, land conservation,... –built environment comfort & efficiency... –alarms, security, surveillance, treaty verification... Monitoring Structures and Things –condition-based maintenance –disaster management –urban terrain mapping & monitoring Interactive Environments –context aware computing, non-verbal communication –handicap assistance »home/elder care »asset tracking Integrated robotics CENS.ucla.edu

5. 2/18/03IDF Panel System Challenges applications service network system architecture data mgmt Monitoring & Managing Spaces and Things technology MEMS sensing Power Comm. uRobots actuate Miniature, low-power connections to the physical world Proc Store

6. 2/18/03IDF Panel Open Experimental Platform to Catalyze a Community Small microcontroller - 8 kb code, 512 B data Simple, low-power radio - 10 kb EEPROM storage (32 KB) Simple sensors WeC 99 “Smart Rock” Mica 1/02 NEST open exp. platform 128 KB code, 4 KB data 50 KB radio 512 KB Flash comm accelerators - DARPA NEST Dot 9/01 Demonstrate scale - Intel Rene 11/00 Designed for experimentation -sensor boards -power boards DARPA SENSIT, Expeditions TinyOS www.tinyos.netNetworkingServices Crossbow

7. 2/18/03IDF Panel TinyOS/MICA Platform Users (ca 6/02) INTEL CORPORATION INTEL RESEARCH JPL KENT STATE UNIVERSITY LAWRENCE BERKELEY NAT'L LLNL LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LAB MARYLAND PROCUREMENT MIT MITRE CORP. MSE TECH. APPLICATION INC NASA LANGLEY RESEARCH CTR NAT'L INST OF STD & TECH NICK OLIVAS LOS ALAMOS NA NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIV PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV PHILLIPS ROBERT BOSCH CORP. RUIZ-SANDOVAL, M.E. RUTGERS STATE UNIVERSITY SANDIA NATIONAL LABS SIEMENS BUILDING TECH INC SILICON SENSING SYSTEMS SOUTHWEST RESEARCH TEMPLE UNIVERSITY ACCENTURE ALLEN, ANTHONY ALTARUM BAE SYSTEMS CONTROLS BALBOA INSTRUMENTS CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV CENTRID CLEVELAND STATE UNIV CORNELL UNIVERSITY DARTMOUTH COLLEGE DOBLE ENGINEERING COMPANY DUKE UNIVERSITY FRANCE TELECOM R&D GE KAYE INSTRUMENTS, INC GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV. GEORGIA TECH RESEARCH INT GE GRAVITON, INC HONEYWELL HRL ABORATORIES UNIV SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY OF IOWA UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CA UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS UNIVERSITY OF UTAH UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA US ARMY CECOM USC INFORMATION SCIENCES VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY VIGILANZ SYSTEMS VITRONICS INC WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY WILLOW TECHNOLOGIES LTD WJM, INC XEROX CENS @ UCLA

8. 2/18/03IDF Panel Simple Technolgy, Broad Agenda Social factors –security, privacy, information sharing Applications –long lived, self-maintaining, dense instrumentation of previously unobservable phenomena –interacting with a computational environment Programming the Ensemble –describe global behavior, synthesis local rules that have correct, predictable global behavior Distributed services –localization, time synchronization, resilient aggregation Networking –self-organizing multihop, resilient, energy efficient routing –despite limited storage and tremendous noise Operating system –extensive resource-constrained concurrency, modularity –framework for defining boundaries Architecture –rich interfaces and simple primitives allowing cross-layer optimization –low-power processor, ADC, radio, communication, encryption

9. 2/18/03IDF Panel Confluence of Talent @ UCB David Culler, sys, arch, net Kris Pister, MEMS, low- power chips/rf Jan Rabaey, pico-radio Eric Brewer, P.L., sys, app David Wagner, security Shankar Sastry, dist. ctrl, cyberinfrastructure Kannan Ramachandran, dist. coding Laurent El Ghoui, opt. Michael Jordon, alg. Dick White, sensors Bob Broderson, UWB Pravin Varaya, transport. Paul Wright (ME) design, fire, energy, power Steve Glaser (CE), structures, fire Greg Fenves (CE), earthquakes Todd Dawson (IB), eocphysiology Ed Arens (ED), built env Mary Powers (IB), conservation biology Alice Agagino (ME)...

10. 2/18/03IDF Panel Confluence of Technologies Embedded Systems Networking MEMS Many devices monitor and interact with physical world Coordinate and perform higher-level tasks Exploit spatially and temporally dense coupling to physical world Small, untethered processing, storage, and control Self-organized, power-aware communication Mass-produced, low-power, short range, sensors & actuators

11. 2/18/03IDF Panel backup

12. 2/18/03IDF Panel MicroSensors MEMS, resistive, capacitive Accelerometer, vibration, magnetometer Light (solar, PAR), temperature, acoustic, wind Barometric pressure, humidity, moisture, fog, dew Touch, force, strain Motion, IR, occupancy CO, CO2,...

13. 2/18/03IDF Panel A new kind of information Streaming data from the physical world –rather than explicit creation by people Carries a tremendous amount of potential information –what is where?, what is it doing?, how is it doing?, what else is there? –why, what is causing it to do what it is doing? Shares many of the networking challenges in an extreme form –real time, closed-loop, lossy, compression, content-based addressing, multicast, aggregate Plus a new set of challenges –How is it captured, categorized, index, mined, transported, shared, protected? –Energy, bandwidth, and storage constraints