1. The Industrial Performance Center Massachusetts Institute of Technology Integrated Circuit and System Design Expertise: The Heart of Future Electronic Products Charles G. Sodini MIT Cambridge, MA January 14, 2003

2. The Industrial Performance Center Massachusetts Institute of Technology Electronics Products Value Chain Components Design Wafer Fab Assembly Test Marketing Dist. General Characteristics IDM’s perform all functions Value-added processes in wafer fab Huge Capital Costs Foundries perform only one function

3. The Industrial Performance Center Massachusetts Institute of Technology Electronics Products Value Chain (con’t) Product Definition Design Manufact. Test Marketing Dist. Service Products General Characteristics Multinational Companies Strong in Product Defn, Marketing Distribution and Service Detailed Design and Manufacturing - often sub-contracted

4. The Industrial Performance Center Massachusetts Institute of Technology Changing Face of Electronics Products Traditional consumer electronics examples –Audio, Video, Telephones Traditional PC electronics examples –PCs, Laptops, Peripherals Examples of PC/Consumer electronics products –DSCs, MP3 players, Cell phones, PDAs, DVDs Rapid convergence of consumer and PC electronics offers interesting opportunities

5. The Industrial Performance Center Massachusetts Institute of Technology Electronics Products Business Models Dominated by Multinational Corporations Functions performed –Product definition Use both “off the shelf” and special purpose chips –Marketing/Distribution –Service Growing importance in providing revenue streams Functions outsourced –Detailed product design –Manufacturing & Test

6. The Industrial Performance Center Massachusetts Institute of Technology Opportunity for New Business Model Combine innovative product definition with special purpose chip design Unique products with higher value become possible Higher barrier to entry –Special purpose chips are difficult to duplicate rapidly

7. The Industrial Performance Center Massachusetts Institute of Technology Example - SMaL Camera Technologies Technology developed at university –Brightness Adaptive Imaging –Low power image sensor design At Company –Innovative product definition –Complete re-design of image sensor for product application

8. The Industrial Performance Center Massachusetts Institute of Technology Innovative Product Design Form factor possible High level of integration Low power dissipation

9. The Industrial Performance Center Massachusetts Institute of Technology Partner with Multinational Companies for Marketing and Distribution

10. The Industrial Performance Center Massachusetts Institute of Technology Innovation Business Model Perform IC design and innovative product design –High value-added functions Outsource wafer fab, assembly & test Partner with Multinationals for manufacturing marketing/distribution and service

11. The Industrial Performance Center Massachusetts Institute of Technology IC Design Research and Development Define research driver system that pushes current design capabilities. System driver should push architectural as well as circuit design knowledge In the components model this research feeds directly into the design function. Design Wafer Fab Assembly Test Marketing Dist.

12. The Industrial Performance Center Massachusetts Institute of Technology Wireless Gigabit Local Area Network (WiGLAN) An IC Design Research Driver at MIT PC Peripherals Consumer Electronics Interactive Video controller (NGI) HDTV novelties videophone stereo

13. The Industrial Performance Center Massachusetts Institute of Technology Research Goals Demonstrate key circuit and system concepts to advance wireless LAN to Gb/sec data rates Adaptive system architecture to support wide range of data rates and quality of service Develop low power design techniques at the circuit, chip architecture and system level to support portable appliances

14. The Industrial Performance Center Massachusetts Institute of Technology WiGLAN Architecture Network Controller Allocates channels Measures SNR Space-Time Diversity WiGLAN ADAPTER Appliance WiGLAN ADAPTER High Data Rate Appliance WiGLAN ADAPTER Appliance WiGLAN ADAPTER Appliance WiGLANWiGLAN ADAPTERADAPTER Network Controller Processor NGI

15. The Industrial Performance Center Massachusetts Institute of Technology Receiver Chain Transmitter Chain Network Server DSP Multi-Carrier Adaptive Rate QAM DSP Space-Time Processing Digital Modulation Digital Space-Time Diversity Processing –Improves channel capacity Replicated Transmit/Receive Chain Network Controller with Space-Time Diversity Transmitter Chain

16. The Industrial Performance Center Massachusetts Institute of Technology OFDM Conversion between time and frequency via (I)FFT Narrow bins provide more granularity for changing data demands Narrow bins increase total complexity, but allow greater potential for parallelism Cyclic prefix similar to frequency guard bands 150 MHz bandwidth available in 5.8 GHz band, with bins ~1 MHz wide.

17. The Industrial Performance Center Massachusetts Institute of Technology Adaptive Modulation Can adaptively change modulation for each bin based on measured channel response. Either optimal (gray) or coarse (dark gray) water pouring can be used. Most of the benefit comes from avoiding very bad frequency bins. Threshold may differ for each block Coarse requires less overhead to identify bin modulation Coarse: All equal Optimal: 54 b/s/Hz  40 b/s/Hz  48 b/s/Hz (best)

18. The Industrial Performance Center Massachusetts Institute of Technology Network Adapter Block Diagram Physically Small - Requires High Integration 3 Major IC’s - RF, Baseband Mixed Signal, DSP Quality of Service - Scaleable with Power Dissipation Network adapter Appliance Baseband Mixed-Signal Processor Digital Signal Processor RF Trans.

19. The Industrial Performance Center Massachusetts Institute of Technology Baseband Mixed-Signal Processor Wideband A/D Conversion DC-150MHz, oversampled at 600MSPS ~12 bit linearity/resolution Low power (~1W, core) Programmable Gain Amplifier 0-20dB, 72 dB Linearity Channel Equalization Channel fading characteristic requires only modest amplitude equalization

20. The Industrial Performance Center Massachusetts Institute of Technology Network Adapter Block Diagram Physically Small - Requires High Integration 3 Major IC’s - RF, Baseband Mixed Signal, DSP Quality of Service - Scaleable with Power Dissipation Network adapter Appliance Baseband Mixed-Signal Processor Digital Signal Processor RF Trans.

21. The Industrial Performance Center Massachusetts Institute of Technology WiGLAN Receiver: Architectural Approach Multiple receivers in parallel Fully integrated analog front end Design & implementation of wide- bandwidth high frequency filters Isolation between receivers Primary Goals Major Challenges

22. The Industrial Performance Center Massachusetts Institute of Technology WiGLAN Receiver: Integrated Filters Q-enhancement techniques to compensate low Q on-chip inductors Simple & novel filter building blocks Traditional passive & active integrated circuit techniques reuse, where appropriate, to implement higher order filters Approaches: Challenges: Motivations: Filter stability with component tolerances Receiver linearity and noise degradation Isolation & matching complexities with use of multiple external discrete filters

23. The Industrial Performance Center Massachusetts Institute of Technology WiGLAN Receiver : Image Reject Filter (Prototype Building Block) Tunable rejection responseTunable center frequency

24. The Industrial Performance Center Massachusetts Institute of Technology The Main Messages Opportunity: Combine innovative product definition with special purpose chip design Research to develop new technology is essential to feed component design capabilities. Circuit and system techniques developed in the research environment should have wide applicability in future products given a well defined system driver. IT TAKES TIME: Research does not output results directly for products